python+Nginx+uWSGI使用说明

安装环境

Remote: CentOS 7.4 x64 (django.example.com)

Python: Python3.6.5

Django: Django 2.0.4

nWSGI: uwsgi-2.0.15

Nginx: nginx- 1.10.2-1.el6

一. 系统环境配置

1.关闭iptables和selinux

# su - root

# service iptables stop

# setenforce 0

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

修改

SELINUX=disabled

2.添加本地host DNS

# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1    django.example.com

二. Python配置

1.安装python3.6.5源及依赖包

# yum install epel-release -y

# yum groupinstall "Development tools" -y

# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel zx-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel -y

2.编译安装python3.6.5以及pip package manager

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz --no-check-certificate

# tar xf Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

# cd Python-3.6.5

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-ensurepip=install --enable-shared LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib"

# make && make altinstall

3.安装virtualenv

# pip3.6 install --upgrade pip

# pip3.6 install virtualenv

三. Nginx配置

1. 安装nginx package

# yum install nginx -y

2.配置nginx with nWSGI

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/django.conf

server {

    listen  80;

    server_name  django.example.com;  

    charset utf-8;

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/django_access.log;

    error_log   /var/log/nginx/django_error.log;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    location /static/ {

        root /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com;

    }

    client_max_body_size 20M;

    location / {

        include         uwsgi_params;

        uwsgi_pass      unix:/etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.sock;

        uwsgi_read_timeout 30s;

        uwsgi_send_timeout 30s;

    }

}

四. Django+uWSGI配置

1. uWSGI配置

# mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi

# vi /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.ini

[uwsgi]

project = django.example.com

base = /data/www

chdir = %(base)/%(project)

home = %(base)/%(project)/.py3env

module = myproject.wsgi:application

pidfile = /tmp/uwsgi-master-django.pid

master = true

processes = 2

enable-threads = true

# use unix socket because it is more secure and faster than TCP socket

socket = /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.sock

chmod-socket = 660

uid = nginx

gid = nginx

vacuum = true

die-on-term = true

logto = /var/log/nginx/uwsgi-django.log

socket ：地址和端口号，例如：socket = 127.0.0.1:50000

processes ：开启的进程数量

workers ：开启的进程数量，等同于processes（官网的说法是spawn the specified number of workers / processes）

chdir ：指定运行目录（chdir to specified directory before apps loading）

wsgi-file ：载入wsgi-file（load .wsgi file）

stats ：在指定的地址上，开启状态服务（enable the stats server on the specified address）

threads ：运行线程。由于GIL的存在，我觉得这个真心没啥用。（run each worker in prethreaded mode with the specified number of threads）

master ：允许主进程存在（enable master process）

daemonize ：使进程在后台运行，并将日志打到指定的日志文件或者udp服务器（daemonize uWSGI）。实际上最常用的，还是把运行记录输出到一个本地文件上。

log-maxsize ：以固定的文件大小（单位KB），切割日志文件。例如：log-maxsize = 50000000 就是50M一个日志文件。

pidfile ：指定pid文件的位置，记录主进程的pid号。

vacuum ：当服务器退出的时候自动清理环境，删除unix socket文件和pid文件（try to remove all of the generated file/sockets）

disable-logging ：不记录请求信息的日志。只记录错误以及uWSGI内部消息到日志中。如果不开启这项，那么你的日志中会大量出现这种记录：

[pid: 347|app: 0|req: 106/367] 117.116.122.172 () {52 vars in 961 bytes} [Thu Jul 7 19:20:56 2016] POST /post => generated 65 bytes in 6 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 2 headers in 88 bytes (1 switches on core 0)

log-maxsize: 日志大小，当大于这个大小会进行切分 (Byte)

log-truncate: 当启动时切分日志

2. 配置Django base folder

# cd /usr/share/nginx/html

# mkdir django.example.com

# cd django.example.com

# virtualenv -p /usr/local/bin/python3 .py3env

3. 开启virtualenv python3环境

# source .py3env/bin/activate

4. 在此环境安装Django相关模块

# pip install django uwsgi PyMySQL

5. 创建uWSGI启动脚本

# mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/bin

# vi /etc/systemd/system/uwsgi-django.service

[Unit]

    Description=uWSGI instance to serve myproject

[Service]

    BASE=/data/www/django.example.com

    ENV=$BASE/.py3env

    ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/bash -c 'chown -R nginx:nginx /etc/uwsgi'

    ExecStart=/usr/bin/bash -c 'source /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com/.py3env/bin/activate; uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi/uwsgi-django.ini'

[Install]

    WantedBy=multi-user.target

五. Django项目配置

1. 保证virtualenv python3环境开启

# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com/

# source .py3env/bin/activate

2.创建一个Django项目

# django-admin startproject myproject .

3.添加static目录

# vi myproject/settings.py

末行添加:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

4.创建本地SQLlite文件

Tip:这里使用SQLlite代替其他数据库作为我们项目的DB

# ./manage.py makemigrations
# ./manage.py migrate

5.创建项目管理员账户

# ./manage.py createsuperuser

6.生成项目静态文件目录

# ./manage.py collectstatic

7.修改wsgi入口文件

# vi myproject/wsgi.py

import os

import sys

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myproject.settings")

sys.path.append('/usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com')

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

application = get_wsgi_application()

8.添加ALLOWED_HOSTS

# vi myproject/settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['django.example.com']

9. 修改权限(可执行并保持与nginx启动user一致)

# chmod -R 755 /etc/uwsgi

# chown -R nginx:nginx /etc/uwsgi

# chmod -R 755 /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com

# chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html/django.example.com

10.启动nginx+uwsgi

# systemctl restart nginx

# systemctl restart uwsgi-django

ps.欠flask，多实例，优化，动静分离