python - django (实现电子邮箱的账户注册和验证码功能)

使用 Django 来做一个电子邮箱注册 并 发送验证码的功能 （此处以 163 邮箱为例）

一. 登陆 163 邮箱账号,  然后进行下列操作

二. settings 配置文件

# 发送邮箱验证码
EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"     # 服务器
EMAIL_PORT = 25                 # 一般情况下都为25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "xxx@163.com"     # 账号
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "******"          # 密码 (注意：这里的密码指的是授权码)
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False       # 一般都为False
EMAIL_FROM = "xxx@163.com"      # 邮箱来自

三. 添加电子邮箱验证 model

# 邮箱验证
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
    # 验证码
    code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="验证码")
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name="邮箱")
    # 包含注册验证和找回验证
    send_type = models.CharField(verbose_name="验证码类型", max_length=10,
                                 choices=(("register", "注册"), ("forget", "找回密码")))
    send_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="发送时间", default=datetime.datetime.now())

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"2. 邮箱验证码"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return '{0}({1})'.format(self.code, self.email)

四. 发送邮件工具  email_send.py

from random import Random  # 用于生成随机码
from django.core.mail import send_mail  # 发送邮件模块
from app01.models import EmailVerifyRecord  # 邮箱验证model
from django.conf import settings    # setting.py添加的的配置信息

import datetime

# 生成随机字符串
def random_str(randomlength=8):
    """
    随机字符串
    :param randomlength: 字符串长度
    :return: String 类型字符串
    """
    str = ''
    chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
    length = len(chars) - 1
    random = Random()
    for i in range(randomlength):
        str += chars[random.randint(0, length)]
    return str

# 发送电子邮件
def send_code_email(email, send_type="register"):
    """
    发送电子邮件
    :param email: 要发送的邮箱
    :param send_type: 邮箱类型
    :return: True/False
    """
    email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
    # 将给用户发的信息保存在数据库中
    code = random_str(16)
    email_record.code = code
    email_record.email = email
    email_record.send_type = send_type
    email_record.send_time = datetime.datetime.now()
    email_record.save()
    # 初始化为空
    email_title = ""
    email_body = ""
    # 如果为注册类型
    if send_type == "register":
        email_title = "注册激活"
        # email_body = "请点击下面的链接激活你的账号:http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}".format(code)
        email_body = "您的邮箱注册验证码为：{0}, 该验证码有效时间为两分钟，请及时进行验证。".format(code)
        # 发送邮件
        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        if not send_status:
            return False
    if send_type == "retrieve":
        email_title = "找回密码"
        email_body = "您的邮箱注册验证码为：{0}, 该验证码有效时间为两分钟，请及时进行验证。".format(code)
        # 发送邮件
        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        if not send_status:
            return False
    return True

五. 在你的获取验证码的接口中直接调用上面方法即可。例如 发送注册码

# 注册发送邮箱验证码
class SendEmailRegisterCodeView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return redirect('/register')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = BaseResponseData()
        try:
            email = request.POST.get("email", None)

            ret.data = {
                'code': "",'email': email,'error_email': ''
            }

            user_obj = models.MembershipAccount.objects.filter(username=email, is_active=True).first()
            if user_obj:
                ret.data['code'] = ""
                ret.data['error_email'] = "用户已存在"
                return Response(ret.dict)
            else:
                # 发送邮箱
                res_email = send_code_email(email)
                if res_email:
                    # 注册用户信息，设置登陆状态为False
                    create_last_user = models.MembershipAccount.objects.update_or_create(username=email, is_active=False)
                    if not create_last_user:
                        ret.data['code'] = ""
                        ret.data['error_email'] = "注册错误，请重试"
                        return Response(ret.dict)
                    return Response(ret.dict)
                else:
                    ret.data['code'] = ""
                    ret.data['error_email'] = "验证码发送失败, 请稍后重试"
                    return Response(ret.dict)
        except Exception as e:
            print("错误信息 : ", e)
            ret.data['code'] = ""
            ret.data['error_email'] = "验证错误, 请稍后重试"
        return Response(ret.dict)