No qualifying bean of type [com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper] found for dependency

异常信息：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.springapp.test.SqlTests': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper com.springapp.test.SqlTests.treeMapper; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1185)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:384)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:326)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:78)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:212)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper com.springapp.test.SqlTests.treeMapper; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
... 29 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1100)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:960)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:855)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:480)
... 31 more

出现以上异常的环境：

这是面向mybatis文件的接口（注意：没有实现类）

package com.shyy.web.service;

import com.shyy.web.entity.Tree;

import java.util.List;

public interface TreeMapper {
    int deleteByPrimaryKey(String id);

    int insert(Tree record);

    int insertSelective(Tree record);

    Tree selectByPrimaryKey(String id);

    List<Tree> getFather();

    List<Tree> getChildren(String id);

    int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Tree record);

    int updateByPrimaryKey(Tree record);
}

这是pojo的映射文件（注意其namespace是面向指定接口的）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.shyy.web.service.TreeMapper" >
  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.shyy.web.entity.Tree" >
    <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    <result column="text" property="text" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    <result column="iconCls" property="iconCls" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    <result column="leaf" property="leaf" jdbcType="TINYINT" javaType="Boolean" />
    <result column="fatherId" property="fatherId" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
  </resultMap>
  <sql id="Base_Column_List" >
    id, text, iconCls, leaf, fatherId
  </sql>
  <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.String" >
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from t_tree
    where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
  </select>
  <select id="getFather">
      SELECT
      <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
      FROM t_tree
      WHERE fatherId IS NULL
  </select>
  <select id="getChildren" parameterType="java.lang.String">
      SELECT
      <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
      FROM t_tree
      WHERE fatherId = #{fatherId}
  </select>
  <delete id="deleteByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.String" >
    delete from t_tree
    where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
  </delete>
  <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.shyy.web.entity.Tree" >
    insert into t_tree (id, text, iconCls,
      leaf, fatherId)
    values (#{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{text,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{iconCls,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      #{leaf,jdbcType=TINYINT}, #{fatherId,jdbcType=VARCHAR})
  </insert>
  <insert id="insertSelective" parameterType="com.shyy.web.entity.Tree" >
    insert into t_tree
    <trim prefix="(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides="," >
      <if test="id != null" >
        id,
      </if>
      <if test="text != null" >
        text,
      </if>
      <if test="iconCls != null" >
        iconCls,
      </if>
      <if test="leaf != null" >
        leaf,
      </if>
      <if test="fatherId != null" >
        fatherId,
      </if>
    </trim>
    <trim prefix="values (" suffix=")" suffixOverrides="," >
      <if test="id != null" >
        #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="text != null" >
        #{text,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="iconCls != null" >
        #{iconCls,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="leaf != null" >
        #{leaf,jdbcType=TINYINT},
      </if>
      <if test="fatherId != null" >
        #{fatherId,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
    </trim>
  </insert>
  <update id="updateByPrimaryKeySelective" parameterType="com.shyy.web.entity.Tree" >
    update t_tree
    <set >
      <if test="text != null" >
        text = #{text,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="iconCls != null" >
        iconCls = #{iconCls,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="leaf != null" >
        leaf = #{leaf,jdbcType=TINYINT},
      </if>
      <if test="fatherId != null" >
        fatherId = #{fatherId,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
    </set>
    where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
  </update>
  <update id="updateByPrimaryKey" parameterType="com.shyy.web.entity.Tree" >
    update t_tree
    set text = #{text,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      iconCls = #{iconCls,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      leaf = #{leaf,jdbcType=TINYINT},
      fatherId = #{fatherId,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
    where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
  </update>
</mapper>

这是spring-mybatis的xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shyy.web.service"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mybatis.mapper"/>
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${mySQLdriver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${user}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${pwd}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:sqlMap/*.xml"/>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.shyy.web.entity"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
        <constructor-arg ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

分析：这是在spring-mybatis的xml文件缺少MapperScannerConfigurer的配置造成的，因为这里是直接调用接口中的方法执行相应映射文件中的sql，而在该接口缺少了必要的依赖bean——sqlSessionFactory，解决方法如下：配置MapperScannerConfigurer

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shyy.web"/>
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${mySQLdriver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${user}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${pwd}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:sqlMap/*.xml"/>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.shyy.web.entity"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.shyy.web.service"/>
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

通过配置MapperScannerConfigurer，mabatis就会扫描指定的包，然后将sqlSessionFactory注入到该包中的类中。

附：另一种设计模式示例

dao层

AccountDao.java 接口

public interface AccountDao {
    public abstract List<Account> list();
    public abstract Pager list2(Pager p);
    public abstract Pager search(Account account,int currId,Pager p);
    public abstract Account findByName(String username);
    public abstract Account findById(int aid);
    public abstract Account checkAccount(Account account);
    public abstract void saveOrUpdate(Account account);
    public abstract void update(Account account);
    public abstract void delete(Account account);

}

实现类

@Repository("accountImpl")
public class AccountImpl extends BaseDaoImp<Account> implements AccountDao{
    @Resource
    private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
    String hql = "from Account a order by a.aid";

    @Override
    public List<Account> list() {
        return this.listObject(hql);
    }

    @Override
    public Pager list2(Pager p) {
        return this.listObject(hql,p);
    }

    @Override
    public Pager search(Account account,int currId, Pager p) {
        StringBuffer sbhql=new StringBuffer();
        sbhql.append("from Account a where a.aid!="+currId+"");
        if(account!=null){
            if(account.getUsername()!=null&&!"".equals(account.getUsername().trim())){
                sbhql.append(" and a.username like '%"+account.getUsername()+"%'");
            }
            if(account.getInactive()!=0){
                sbhql.append(" and a.inactive="+account.getInactive()+"");
            }
        }
        sbhql.append(" order by a.aid ");

        return listObject(sbhql.toString(), p);
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(int aid) {
        String hql="from Account a where a.aid="+aid;
        return this.getObject(hql);
    }

    @Override
    public Account findByName(String username) {
        String hql="from Account a where a.username='"+username+"'";
        return this.getObject(hql);
    }

    @Override
    public Account checkAccount(Account account) {
        String hql="from Account a where a.username='"+account.getUsername()+"'";
        return this.getObject(hql);
    }

    @Override
    public void saveOrUpdate(Account account) {
        hibernateTemplate.saveOrUpdate(account);
    }
    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        hibernateTemplate.merge(account);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Account account) {
        hibernateTemplate.delete(account);
    }

}

然后在需要的地方注入就可以：

@Autowired
private AccountDao accountImpl;