python的requests模块参数详解

import requests

print(dir(requests))

# 1、方法
# ['ConnectTimeout', 'ConnectionError', 'DependencyWarning', 'FileModeWarning', 'HTTPError', 'NullHandler', 'PreparedRequest', 'ReadTimeout', 'Request', 'RequestException', 'RequestsDependencyWarning', 'Response', 'Session', 'Timeout', 'TooManyRedirects', 'URLRequired', '__author__', '__author_email__', '__build__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__cake__', '__copyright__', '__description__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__license__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', '__title__', '__url__', '__version__', '_check_cryptography', '_internal_utils', 'adapters', 'api', 'auth', 'certs', 'chardet', 'check_compatibility', 'codes', 'compat', 'cookies', 'delete', 'exceptions', 'get', 'head', 'hooks', 'logging', 'models', 'options', 'packages', 'patch', 'post', 'put', 'request', 'session', 'sessions', 'status_codes', 'structures', 'urllib3', 'utils', 'warnings']

# 2、参数
requests.get(
    url="http://www.baidu.com",
    headers="",
    cookies="",
    params={"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"},
    # url中传递的参数，效果如下
    # http://www.baidu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
)

requests.post(
    url="",
    headers="",
    cookies="",
    data={
    },
    params={"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"},
    # url中传递的参数，效果如下
    # http://www.baidu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
)

# 我们可以通过data传递请求体，也可以通过json传递请求体

data = {
        "username":"admin",
        "pwd":"admin"
       },

# 则请求体中的数据为username=admin&pwd=admin

# 参数json

json = {
        "username":"admin",
        "pwd":"admin"
       },

# 则请求体中的数据为{"username":"admin","pwd":"admin"}

# 参数代理

    # 定义一个字典
proxies = {
    "http":"61.24.25.21",
    "https":"http://65.21.24.1"
}

# http请求走http对应的地址，https请求走https对应的地址，在访问的请求中加一个proxies的参数
l1 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies
                  )

# 给代理加认证
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxies = {
    "http":"61.24.25.21",
    "https":"http://65.21.24.1"
}
auth = HTTPProxyAuth("username","passwd")

# http请求走http对应的地址，https请求走https对应的地址，在访问的请求中加一个proxies的参数,在加一个参数auth，这个是登陆代理的用户名和密码
l2 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth
                  )

# 参数文件上传，post方法发送请求，传递一个file的参数

file= {
    "f1":open("a.txt","rb")
}
l3 = requests.post(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth,
                  file = file
                  )

# 可以设置上传文件的名称，前面的例子上传的文件的名称就是文件本身的名称
file= {
    "f1":("new_file_name",open("a.txt","rb"))
}
l4 = requests.post(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth,
                  file = file
                  )

# 参数认证
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

l5 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = HTTPBasicAuth("admin","admin")
                  )

# 超时参数
l6 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  timeout = 2
                  )

# 超时时间为2s，2s连不上返回错误

# 允许重定向
l7 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  allow_redirects = False
                  )

# stream大文件下载的参数，把文件一点一点的下载,如果这个值为false，则全部写到内存中了

from contextlib import closing
with closing(requests.get("http://ddddddd",stream=True)) as f:
    for i in f.iter_content():
        print(i)

# cert，证书参数，告诉request去这个地方去下载cert
l8 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",cert="xxx/xxx/xxx/xxx/pem")

l9 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",cert=("xxx/xxx/xxx/xxx/pem","yyy/yyy/yyy.key"))

# session，为我们自动带上cookies和请求头
import requests
session = requests.session()

i1 = session.get(url="")

i2 = session.post(
    url="",
    data={}
)

i3 = session.post()

　　

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通过request发送post请求，什么时候使用data参数，什么时候使用json参数呢，可以通过抓包来分析

在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Form Data，如果通过requests发送数据，则用data来发送数据

在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Request Payload，如果通过requests发送，则用json来发送数据

如果传递的json格式，但是数据有中文呢就额可以使用下面的方式来发送数据

           data = bytes(json.dumps(
                data_dict,
                ensure_ascii=False
            ),encoding="utf-8")