Linux简单配置SendMail发送邮件

本文简单整理了一下如何在Linux服务器上安装、配置SendMail发送邮件的步骤，此文不是配置邮件服务器，具体测试环境为CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) ，如遇特殊平台有所差别，请以实际情况为准则。

Linux 系统版本查看

检查、了解系统版本信息，主要是如果使用rpm安装时，需要下载合适的版本。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# more /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

 

检查是否安装sendmail组件

如下所示，该服务器上并没有安装sendmail的相关组件。那么我们直接使用yum安装sendmail组件即可。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# rpm -qa | grep sendmail

[root@mylnx06 ~]# yum list sendmail

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

Available Packages

sendmail.x86_64                                       8.14.7-4.el7                    base

使用yum安装sendmail组件，当然你可以使用其它方式安装，此处不做展开介绍。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# yum install sendmail.x86_64 

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.7-4.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================

 Package                     Arch                      Version                            Repository               Size

========================================================================================================================

Installing:

 sendmail                    x86_64                    8.14.7-4.el7                       base                    722 k

Transaction Summary

========================================================================================================================

Install  1 Package

Total download size: 722 k

Installed size: 1.6 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 722 kB  00:00:00     

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

  Installing : sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/1 

  Verifying  : sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/1 

Installed:

  sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.7-4.el7                                                                                        

Complete!

[root@mylnx06 ~]# 

 

编辑/etc/aliases文件

Sendmail有一个非常实用的功能,就是为每个账号取别名(Aliase) 会使用一个在 /etc/aliases 中的档案做使用者名称转换的动作。 所以这个配置文件是可配也可以不配，具体视你的需求而定。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# vi /etc/aliases

#

#  Aliases in this file will NOT be expanded in the header from

#  Mail, but WILL be visible over networks or from /bin/mail.

#

#       >>>>>>>>>>      The program "newaliases" must be run after

#       >> NOTE >>      this file is updated for any changes to

#       >>>>>>>>>>      show through to sendmail.

#

# Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present.

mailer-daemon:  postmaster

postmaster:     root

# General redirections for pseudo accounts.

bin:            root

daemon:         root

adm:            root

lp:             root

sync:           root

shutdown:       root

halt:           root

mail:           root

news:           root

uucp:           root

operator:       root

games:          root

gopher:         root

ftp:            root

nobody:         root

radiusd:        root

nut:            root

dbus:           root

vcsa:           root

canna:          root

wnn:            root

rpm:            root

nscd:           root

pcap:           root

apache:         root

webalizer:      root

dovecot:        root

fax:            root

quagga:         root

radvd:          root

pvm:            root

amandabackup:           root

privoxy:        root

ident:          root

named:          root

xfs:            root

gdm:            root

mailnull:       root

postgres:       root

sshd:           root

smmsp:          root

postfix:        root

netdump:        root

ldap:           root

squid:          root

ntp:            root

mysql:          root

desktop:        root

rpcuser:        root

rpc:            root

nfsnobody:      root

ingres:         root

system:         root

toor:           root

manager:        root

dumper:         root

abuse:          root

newsadm:        news

newsadmin:      news

usenet:         news

ftpadm:         ftp

ftpadmin:       ftp

ftp-adm:        ftp

ftp-admin:      ftp

www:            webmaster

webmaster:      root

noc:            root

security:       root

hostmaster:     root

info:           postmaster

marketing:      postmaster

sales:          postmaster

support:        postmaster

# trap decode to catch security attacks

decode:         root

# Person who should get root's mail

#root:          marc

如下截图所示，如果我配置别名为root的，配置接收邮件（下面邮件仅仅是一个模板而已）

 

修改配置文件sendmail.cf

修改/etc/mail/sendmail.cf 添加对应的DS, DS后面为邮件服务器的IP地址。根据实际具体情况配置。其实这个配置文件，如果需要，还有蛮多需要配置、细化的地方，此处只讲述最简单的配置。

# host/domain names ending with a token in class P are canonical

CP.

# "Smart" relay host (may be null)

DS[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]

# operators that cannot be in local usernames (i.e., network indicators)

CO @ % !

# a class with just dot (for identifying canonical names)

 

重启sendmail服务

[root@mylnx06 ~]# service sendmail status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  sendmail.service

● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport Agent

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: inactive (dead)

Feb 22 10:29:45 azlnx06 systemd[1]: Stopped Sendmail Mail Transport Agent.

[root@mylnx06 ~]# service sendmail start

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  sendmail.service

[root@mylnx06 ~]# service sendmail status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  sendmail.service

● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport Agent

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-02-22 10:42:02 HKT; 5s ago

  Process: 46129 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd $SENDMAIL_OPTS $SENDMAIL_OPTARG (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

  Process: 46116 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make aliases (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

  Process: 46115 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

 Main PID: 46131 (sendmail)

   CGroup: /system.slice/sendmail.service

           └─46131 sendmail: accepting connections

Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 systemd[1]: Starting Sendmail Mail Transport Agent...

Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 sendmail[46124]: alias database /etc/aliases rebuilt by root

Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 sendmail[46124]: /etc/aliases: 77 aliases, longest 17 bytes, 792 bytes total

Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 sendmail[46131]: starting daemon (8.14.7): SMTP+queueing@01:00:00

Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 systemd[1]: PID file /run/sendmail.pid not readable (yet?) after start.

Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 systemd[1]: Started Sendmail Mail Transport Agent

 

测试邮件服务

如下所示，使用mail命令测试能否成功收到邮件。如果成功，表示前面配置OK， 如果没有收到邮件，则必须检查日志，然后根据具体错误信息诊断问题。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# cat > test.txt

it is only test

^Z

[1]+  Stopped                 cat > test.txt

[root@mylnx06 ~]# mail -s "test" konglb@xxxx.com < test.txt 

[root@mylnx06 ~]# 

[azrlnx06azlnx06 ~]$ echo 'it is only a test' | mail -s "test eamil"  konglb@xxxx.com

[azrlnx06@azlnx06 ~]$