css3 3d 与案例分析

作者：魔洁

聊到3d那我们就先聊聊空间维度，首先一维，比如一条线就是一个一维空间，连点成线在这个空间里这些点只能前进后退，二维空间就是一个平面，这时点不仅可以前进后退还可以左右移动，3维空间也可以说是3d，这时点可以前进后退，左右，上下移动。css3里有几个关于3d运动的属性以及值我做一下解释
transform-style:preserve-3d;（transform-style是属性）（preserve-3d是值）
（这个属性可以把一个处于2维的div变为3d空间，把这个属性比作一个相机的摄像头,这个div内的内容会以3d的形式通过摄像头的形式反馈给你,他的子元素才会享受3d效果,子元素以下的元素就不会有3d效果。）
perspective:800px;
（这个属性是配合上边的属性使用的 ，把这个属性比作你的屏幕距离摄像头的距离）
transform:rotateY(180deg);
(把这个3d空间div看做一个人rotateY(180deg)，是做y轴旋转180°，y轴可以看作是一个人原地转身)
transform:rotatex(180deg);
（rotateY(180deg)，是做x轴旋转180°，x轴可以看作是一个人原地翻跟斗）
transform:rotateZ(180px);
（rotateZ(180px)，是在前进180px，x轴可以看作是一个人向前走180px，负值为后退）
看完这些相信下面的代码回好理解许多。

• 1.卡牌反转.
• 2.立方体
• 3.翻牌
• 4.旋转木马
• 5.魔方效果
• 6.多个立方体反转

1.卡牌反转

html

<div class="zf">
  <div class="bigbox">
    <div class="xiaobox1"></div>
    <div class="xiaobox2"></div>
  </div>
</div>

zf是你距离屏幕800px的摄像头，bogbox是3d空间内的舞台，xiaobox1，xiaobox2是两个背面相对的演员；

css

html,body{
  background:#ff9f96;
}

.zf{
  width: 300px;
  height: 300px;
  margin:200px auto;
  perspective:800px;
}
.bigbox{
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  position:relative;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;/*把bigbox变为3D空间*/
  transition:transform 1s;
}
.xiaobox1{
  backface-visibility:hidden;/*这行代码是xiaobox1设置为背面隐藏*/
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  position:absolute;
  background:url(../img/dome061.jpg);
  background-size:650px 300px;February 10, 2017 10:48 AM
  transform:rotateY(180deg);/*让xiaobox1原地旋转180度*/
}
.xiaobox2{
  backface-visibility:hidden;
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  position:absolute;
  background:url(../img/dome062.jpg);
  background-size:650px 300px;
}
.bigbox:hover{
  transform:rotateY(180deg);/*鼠标移到bigbox上他原地旋转180度*/
}

2.立方体

html

<div class="bigbox">
   <div class="box">
     <div class="pm qian"></div>
     <div class="pm hou"></div>
     <div class="pm left"></div>
     <div class="pm right"></div>
     <div class="pm top"></div>
     <div class="pm bottom"></div>
   </div>
</div>

同上个案例最外边的bigbox是距离屏幕800px的摄像头，box是舞台，pm就是正方体的前后左右上下面

css

.bigbox{
  margin:150px auto;
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  perspective:800px;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
}
.box{
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  position:relative;
  -webkit-animation:xuanzhuan 4s infinite linear ;/*谁让box做无限循环的动画*/
}
.pm{
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  position:absolute;
  text-align:center;
  font-size:200px;
  line-height:300px;
}
.qian{
  transform:translateZ(150px)；/*让qian向前走150px*/
  background:#59e7fa;
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg);
  background-size:300px 300px;
}
.hou{
  transform:rotateY(-180deg) translateZ(150px);/*让hou原地转身180°，再向前走150px*/
  background:#fa5959;
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg);
  background-size:300px 300px;
}
.top{
  transform:rotateX(90deg) translateZ(150px);/*沿x轴旋转90°，向前走150px*/
  background:#f7fa59;
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg);
  background-size:300px 300px;
}
.bottom{
  transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(150px);/*沿x轴旋转-90°，向前走150px*/
  background:#e359fa;
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg);
  background-size:300px 300px;
}
.left{
  transform:rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(150px);/*沿y轴旋转-90°，向前走150px*/
  background:#595ffa;
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg);
  background-size:300px 300px;
}
.right{
  transform:rotateY(90deg) translateZ(150px);沿/*y轴旋转90°，向前走150px*/
  background:#79fa59;
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg);
  background-size:300px 300px;
}
@-webkit-keyframes xuanzhuan{
    0%{
      -webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg);
    }
    50%{
      -webkit-transform: rotateY(360deg);
    }
    51%{
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg);
    }
    100%{
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(360deg);
    }
}

3.翻牌

html

<div class="box">
  <div id="a">
  </div>
</div>
<input type="button" class="btn" name="" value="上一步"/>
<input type="button" class="btn" name="" value="下一步"/>i

box是摄像头，a是舞台，舞台里的演员我将用js渲染，class为fp

css

.box{
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  margin:auto;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  perspective:800px;
}
#a{
  float:left;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  width:300px;
  height:600px;
  position:relative;
}
.btn{
  width:60px;
  height:20px;
  border:0px;
  background:#ffe81c;
  color:#fff;
  text-align:center;
  line-height:20px;
  font-weight:700;
  cursor:pointer;
}
.fp,.fp1,.fp2,.fp3,.fp4{
  position:absolute;
  width:300px;
  height:300px;
  backface-visibility:hidden;
  font-size:150px;
  color:#fff;
  font-weight:700;
  text-align:center;
  line-height:300px;
  transform-origin:100% 100%;/*沿着下边旋转*/
}
.fp{
  transform: rotateX(80deg);
}
.fp1{
  -webkit-animation:fz1 1s;/*执行动画fz1*/
  transform: rotateX(0deg);/*执行完动画x轴是0°*/
}
.fp2{
  -webkit-animation:fz2 1s;/*执行动画fz2*/
  transform: rotateX(80deg);/*执行完动画x轴是80°*/
}
.fp3{
  -webkit-animation:fz3 1s;/*执行动画fz3*/
  transform: rotateX(80deg);/*执行完动画x轴是80°*/
}
.fp4{
  -webkit-animation:fz4 1s;/*执行动画fz4*/
  transform: rotateX(0deg);/*执行完动画x轴是0°*/
}
@-webkit-keyframes fz1{
    0%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(80deg);
    }
    100%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg);
    }
}
@-webkit-keyframes fz2{
    0%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg);
    }
    100%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(-280deg);
    }
}
@-webkit-keyframes fz3{
    0%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg);
    }
    100%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(80deg);
    }
}
@-webkit-keyframes fz4{
    0%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(80deg);
    }
    100%{
      transform-origin:100% 100%;
      -webkit-transform: rotateX(360deg);
    }
}

因为我的背景图是dome061.jpg，dome062.jpg，dome063.jpg，dome064.jpg，dome065.jpg，我会把他们第三位数字声明在名为img的数组里

js

var img=[1,2,3,4,5];
    for(var i=0;i<5;i++){
      $('#a').append('<div class="fp cs" style="background:url(img/dome06'+img[i]+'.jpg);background-size:100% 100%;"></div>');
    }
    //上边的for循环是渲染舞台里演员
    //pd是判断按下按钮的变量
    var pd=1;
    //a是判断演员的下标
    var a=4;
    $('.btn').eq(1).click(function(){
      if(a<0){
        a=4;
      }
      if(pd==1){
        pd++;
        $('.fp').eq(a).removeClass('fp');//移除fp这个类
        $('.cs').eq(a).addClass('fp1');//因为演员我定义了两个类把fp移除了，还可以用cs抓起取员
      }else{
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp1');
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp2');
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp3');
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp4');
        $('.cs').eq(a).addClass('fp2');//下标是a的演员移除fp1，fp2，fp3，fp4之后再加fp2
        $('.fp').eq(a-1).removeClass('fp');
        $('.cs').eq(a-1).removeClass('fp1');
        $('.cs').eq(a-1).removeClass('fp2');
        $('.cs').eq(a-1).removeClass('fp3');
        $('.cs').eq(a-1).removeClass('fp4');
        $('.cs').eq(a-1).addClass('fp1');//下标是a-1的演员移除fp，fp1，fp2，fp3，fp4之后再加fp4
        a--;
      }
      console.log(a,pd);
    })
    $('.btn').eq(0).click(function(){
      if(a>5){
        a=0;
      }
      if(pd==2){
        if(a==4){
          $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp1');
          $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp2');
          $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp3');
          $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp4');
          $('.cs').eq(a).addClass('fp3');//下标是a的演员移除fp1，fp2，fp3，fp4之后再加fp3
          $('.cs').eq(0).removeClass('fp1');
          $('.cs').eq(0).removeClass('fp2');
          $('.cs').eq(0).removeClass('fp3');
          $('.cs').eq(0).removeClass('fp4');
          $('.cs').eq(0).addClass('fp4');//下标是0的演员移除fp1，fp2，fp3，fp4之后再加fp4
        }
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp1');
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp2');
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp3');
        $('.cs').eq(a).removeClass('fp4');
        $('.cs').eq(a).addClass('fp3');//下标是a的演员移除fp1，fp2，fp3，fp4之后再加fp3
        $('.cs').eq(a+1).removeClass('fp1');
        $('.cs').eq(a+1).removeClass('fp2');
        $('.cs').eq(a+1).removeClass('fp3');
        $('.cs').eq(a+1).removeClass('fp4');
        $('.cs').eq(a+1).addClass('fp4');//下标是a+1的演员移除fp1，fp2，fp3，fp4之后再加fp4
        a++;
      }
      //console.log(a,pd);
    })

4.旋转木马

按键盘方向键就会旋转

html

<div class=bigbox>
  <div class="box">
  </div>
</div>

bigbox是摄像头，box是舞台，舞台里的演员我将用js渲染，class为mian

css

.bigbox{
  width:150px;
  height:100px;
  margin:200px auto;
  perspective:800px;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
}
.box{
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  position:relative;
  width:150px;
  height:100px;
}
.mian{
  width:150px;
  height:100px;
  position:absolute;
  text-align:center;
  color:#fff;
  background:#ff3efb;
  line-height:100px;
  font-size:80px;
}
.box{
  transition:transform 1s;
}

同上一案例我把图片不一样的数字声明在sum数组里

js

    var sum=[1,2,3,4,5,4,3,1,2];
    for(var i=0;i<9;i++){
      $('.box').append('<div class="mian"></div>');
      $('.mian').eq(i).css({'transform':'rotateY('+i*40+'deg) translateZ(240px)','background':'url(img/dome06'+sum[i]+'.jpg)','background-size':'100% 100%'});
    }
    //上边的for循环是渲染舞台里演员
    var x=0;
    var y=0;
    $(window).keydown(function(event){
      var e = event || window.event || arguments.callee.caller.arguments[0];
      console.log(e)
      if(e && e.keyCode==37){ // 左
        y++;
        $('.box').css({'transform':"rotateX("+x*20+"deg) rotateY("+y*40+"deg)"});
      }
      if(e && e.keyCode==39){ // 右
          y--;
          $('.box').css({'transform':"rotateX("+x*20+"deg) rotateY("+y*40+"deg)"});
      }
      if(e && e.keyCode==38){ // 上
          x++;
          $('.box').css({'transform':"rotateX("+x*20+"deg) rotateY("+y*40+"deg)"});
      }
      if(e && e.keyCode==40){ // 下
          x--;
          $('.box').css({'transform':"rotateX("+x*20+"deg) rotateY("+y*40+"deg)"});
      }
    })
    //这段是写按下方向键舞台旋转，上边声明的x，y是舞台的x轴与y轴的角度数，event是记录事件信息的对象，e.keyCode是按下时键盘的键值。

5.魔方效果

html

<div class="bigbox">
    <input type="button" class="btn" value="<"/>
    <div class="box"></div>
    <input type="button" class="btn" value=">"/>
</div>

bigbox是摄像头，box是舞台，舞台里的演员我将用js渲染，class为kuai和mian

css

html,body{
  background:#ff9f96;
}
.bigbox{
  width:900px;
  height:300px;
  margin:100px auto 0;
}
.box{
  width:604px;
  height:250px;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  perspective:800px;
  float:left;
  margin-left:103px;
}
.btn{
  height:40px;
  width:50px;
  color:#fff;
  background:#f5ff32;
  margin-top:105px;
  border:0px;
  font-size:30px;
  font-weight:700;
}
.btn:nth-of-type(1){
  float:left;
}
.btn:nth-of-type(2){
  float:right;
}
.kuai{
  float:left;
  width:100px;
  height:250px;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  position:relative;
  margin-left:-1px;
}
.mian{
  width:100px;
  height:250px;
  position:absolute;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(1){
  transform:translateZ(125px);
  background:url(../img/dome061.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:600px 250px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(2){
  transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(125px);
  background:url(../img/dome062.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:600px 250px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(3){
  transform:rotateX(180deg) translateZ(125px);
  background:url(../img/dome063.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:600px 250px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(4){
  transform:rotateX(90deg) translateZ(125px);
  background:url(../img/dome064.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:600px 250px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(5){
  width:250px;
  height:250px;
  background:#000;
  transform:rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(125px);
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(6){
  width:250px;
  height:250px;
  background:#000;
  transform:rotateY(90deg) translateZ(-25px);
}

js

var kuai=document.getElementsByClassName('kuai');
  for(i=0;i<6;i++){
    $('.box').append('<div class="kuai"><div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div>'+
    '<div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div></div>');
    kuai[i].getElementsByClassName('mian')[0].style='background-position:'+-100*i+'px 0px';
    kuai[i].getElementsByClassName('mian')[1].style='background-position:'+-100*i+'px 0px';
    kuai[i].getElementsByClassName('mian')[2].style='background-position:'+-100*i+'px 0px';
    kuai[i].getElementsByClassName('mian')[3].style='background-position:'+-100*i+'px 0px';
  }
  //上边的for循环是渲染舞台里演员
  var x=0;
  var xuanzuan=setInterval(function(){
    x++;
    for(i=0;i<6;i++){
      for(i=0;i<6;i++){
        kuai[i].style='transition:transform 1s '+100*i+'ms;transform:rotateX('+90*x+'deg)';
      }
    }
  },4000)
  //上边的计时器是写让class是kuai的div旋转这个div的下标是几就让他延迟几毫秒
  $('.btn').eq(0).click(function(){
    x--;
    for(i=0;i<6;i++){
      kuai[i].style='transition:transform 1s '+100*i+'ms;transform:rotateX('+90*x+'deg)'
    }
  })
  //按下第一个按钮让class是kuai的div以上边计时器的方式运动不过方向相反
  $('.btn').eq(1).click(function(){
    x++;
    for(i=0;i<6;i++){
      kuai[i].style='transition:transform 1s '+100*i+'ms;transform:rotateX('+90*x+'deg)'
    }
  })
  //按下第二个按钮让class是kuai的div以上边计时器的方式运动

6.多个立方体反转

html

<div class="box"></div>

box是摄像头，舞台里的演员我将用js渲染，class为kuai和mian

css

html,body{
  height:100%;
  background:#afff60;
}
.box{
  width:610px;
  height:610px;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  perspective:800px;
  margin:50px auto 0;
}
.kuai{
  float:left;
  width:100px;
  height:100px;
  transform-style:preserve-3d;
  position:relative;
  margin:10px;
}
.mian{
  width:100px;
  height:100px;
  position:absolute;
  font-size:60px;
  font-weight:700;
  color:#00f0ff;
  line-height:100px;
  text-align:center;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(1){
  transform:translateZ(50px);
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:100px 100px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(2){
  transform:rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:100px 100px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(3){
  transform:rotateX(180deg) translateZ(50px);
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:100px 100px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(4){
  transform:rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:100px 100px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(5){
  transform:rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:100px 100px;
}
.kuai .mian:nth-of-type(6){
  transform:rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px);
  background:url(../img/dome065.jpg) no-repeat;
  background-size:100px 100px;
}

js

for(i=0;i<20;i++){
    $('.box').append('<div class="kuai"><div class="mian">'+i+'</div><div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div>'+
    '<div class="mian"></div><div class="mian"></div></div>');
    //上边一段是渲染舞台和演员
    $('.kuai').eq(i).mouseover(function(){
      $(this).attr('style','transition:transform 0.1s;transform:translateZ(100px) rotateY(180deg);');
    })
    //当鼠标移到class为kuai的div上时他先沿着z轴向前走100px，再沿着y轴旋转180°
    $('.kuai').eq(i).mouseout(function(){
      $(this).attr('style','transition:transform 0.1s;transform:rotateY(0deg) translateZ(0px);');
    })
    当鼠标移下class为kuai的div上时他先沿着z轴向前走回0px位置，再沿着y轴旋转回0°
    $(window).eq(i).mousemove(function(event){
      var e = event || window.event || arguments.callee.caller.arguments[0];
      var xjd;
      var yjd;
      if(e.clientX>674){
        xjd=parseInt(e.clientX/80);
      }else{
        xjd=parseInt(-17+e.clientX/40);
      }
      if(e.clientY>330){
        yjd=parseInt(e.clientY/-66);
      }else{
        yjd=parseInt(11-e.clientY/33);
      }
      $('.box').attr('style','transform:rotateY('+xjd+'deg) rotateX('+yjd+'deg)')
    })
  }
  //这段是写box随着鼠标移动而变化

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