Maven - web 实例

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章节

• Maven – 简介
• Maven – 工作原理
• Maven – Repository(存储库)
• Maven – pom.xml 文件
• Maven – 依赖管理
• Maven – 构建生命周期、阶段、目标
• Maven – profile
• Maven – 插件
• Maven – web 实例
• Maven – Eclipse例子

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Maven提供了不少项目模板，例如 web项目模板：maven-archetype-webapp、Java应用模板：maven-archetype-quickstart等等，开发人员可以通过执行maven的archetype:generate 基于这些项目模板生成项目。

生成项目命令格式：

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.qikegu.com -DartifactId=qikegu-maven-web -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp 指定了项目模板maven-archetype-webapp。

1. 创建项目

我们将基于项目模板maven-archetype-webapp，生成一个web项目。

执行命令

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.qikegu.com -DartifactId=qikegu-maven-web -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

命令输出

执行上面的命令后，命令行输出如下，可以看到项目已经成功生成。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.0.1:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.0.1:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.0.1:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[WARNING] No archetype found in remote catalog. Defaulting to internal catalog
Downloading from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-web
app/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom
Downloaded from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-weba
pp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom (533 B at 875 B/s)
Downloading from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-bun
dles/2/maven-archetype-bundles-2.pom
Downloaded from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-bund
les/2/maven-archetype-bundles-2.pom (1.5 kB at 3.5 kB/s)
Downloading from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetype/maven-archetype-pare
nt/1/maven-archetype-parent-1.pom
Downloaded from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetype/maven-archetype-paren
t/1/maven-archetype-parent-1.pom (1.3 kB at 2.6 kB/s)
Downloading from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/maven-parent/4/maven-parent-4.
pom
Downloaded from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/maven-parent/4/maven-parent-4.p
om (10.0 kB at 24 kB/s)
Downloading from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-web
app/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar
Downloaded from aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-weba
pp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar (3.9 kB at 7.9 kB/s)
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: G:\project\test
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.qikegu.com
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.qikegu.com
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: qikegu-maven-web
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.qikegu.com
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: G:\project\test\qikegu-maven-web
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  6.654 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-04-22T16:33:38+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------                                             

Kevin@KEVIN-PC G:\project\test

项目结构

进入生成的项目目录，查看项目目录结构如下：

G:\PROJECT\TEST\QIKEGU-MAVEN-WEB
│  pom.xml
│
└─src
    └─main
        ├─resources
        └─webapp
            │  index.jsp
            │
            └─WEB-INF
                    web.xml

可以看到，maven自动创建了3个文件：pom.xml、index.jsp和web.xml。

让我们快速浏览一下这些文件:

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.qikegu.com</groupId>
  <artifactId>qikegu-maven-web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>qikegu-maven-web Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>qikegu-maven-web</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>

2. 构建项目

在命令行中，切换到项目目录，执行以下命令

> mvn package

可以看到项目目录下多了一个target目录，target目录下已经生成qikegu-maven-web.war包。

3. 部署项目

把qikegu-maven-web.war包拷贝到webserver（如tomcat）下的webapp目录下，重启服务器。

然后就可通过浏览器访问了，通常url如下（根据服务器配置）：

http://localhost:80/qikegu-maven-web/index.jsp