云服务器 ECS Linux 系统下使用 dig 命令查询域名解析

云服务器 ECS Linux 系统可以使用通常自带的 dig 命令来查询域名解析情况。本文对此进行简要说明。

查询域名 A 记录

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命令格式：

dig <域名>

比如，查询域名 www.aliyun.com 的解析情况：

$ dig www.aliyun.com

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.7 <<>> www.aliyun.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15919
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 4

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.aliyun.com.                        IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.aliyun.com.         600     IN      CNAME   www-adns.aliyun.com.
www-adns.aliyun.com.    300     IN      CNAME   www-adns.aliyun.com.gds.alibabadns.com.
www-adns.aliyun.com.gds.alibabadns.com. 247 IN A 140.205.62.8

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
gds.alibabadns.com.     82      IN      NS      gdsns2.alibabadns.com.
gds.alibabadns.com.     82      IN      NS      gdsns1.alibabadns.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
gdsns1.alibabadns.com.  877     IN      A       140.205.122.66
gdsns1.alibabadns.com.  877     IN      A       198.11.138.254
gdsns2.alibabadns.com.  877     IN      A       140.205.67.254
gdsns2.alibabadns.com.  877     IN      A       140.205.122.88

;; Query time: 49 msec
;; SERVER: 10.242.197.247#53(10.242.197.247)
;; WHEN: Thu Jun  9 18:43:55 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 226

查询域名解析在指定 DNS 服务器解析是否生效

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命令格式：

dig <域名> @<DNS 服务器地址>

比如，查询 www.aliyun.com 在 223.5.5.5 DNS 服务器是否解析生效：

$ dig www.aliyun.com @223.5.5.5

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.7 <<>> www.aliyun.com @223.5.5.5
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29651
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.aliyun.com.                        IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.aliyun.com.         95      IN      CNAME   www-adns.aliyun.com.  # 查询到的解析记录
www-adns.aliyun.com.    95      IN      CNAME   www-adns.aliyun.com.gds.alibabadns.com.   # 查询到的解析记录
www-adns.aliyun.com.gds.alibabadns.com. 95 IN A 140.205.63.8

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 223.5.5.5#53(223.5.5.5)
;; WHEN: Thu Jun  9 18:44:42 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 120

查询域名的 CNAME 记录

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命令格式：

dig CNAME <域名>

比如，查询域名 www.aliyun.com 的 CNAME 记录:

# dig CNAME www.aliyun.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> CNAME www.aliyun.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4690
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 7

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.aliyun.com.			IN	CNAME

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.aliyun.com.		120	IN	CNAME	www-intl-adns.aliyun.com.  # 查询到的 CNAME 信息

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
aliyun.com.		172800	IN	NS	ns5.aliyun.com.
aliyun.com.		172800	IN	NS	ns4.aliyun.com.
aliyun.com.		172800	IN	NS	ns3.aliyun.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns3.aliyun.com.		432000	IN	A	42.120.250.251
ns4.aliyun.com.		432000	IN	A	110.75.20.27
ns4.aliyun.com.		432000	IN	A	140.205.71.248
ns4.aliyun.com.		432000	IN	A	42.156.241.248
ns5.aliyun.com.		432000	IN	A	140.205.2.187
ns5.aliyun.com.		432000	IN	A	198.11.138.248

;; Query time: 10 msec
;; SERVER: 10.202.72.118#53(10.202.72.118)
;; WHEN: Fri Jul 08 11:46:33 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 221

查询 IP 反解记录

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命令格式：

dig -x <目标 IP 地址>

$ dig -x 140.205.62.8

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 140.205.62.8
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 38256
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;8.62.205.140.in-addr.arpa.	IN	PTR

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
140.in-addr.arpa.	945	IN	SOA	z.arin.net. dns-ops.arin.net. 2016031910 1800 900 691200 10800

;; Query time: 3 msec
;; SERVER: 10.202.72.118#53(10.202.72.118)
;; WHEN: Fri Jul 08 11:51:32 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 108

查询域名的 mx 解析记录

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命令格式：

dig mx <目标域名>

?比如，查询域名 aliyun.com 的 mx 解析记录：

$ dig mx aliyun.com

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.7 <<>> mx aliyun.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33606
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 7

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;aliyun.com.                    IN      MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:
aliyun.com.             3600    IN      MX      10 mx2.mail.aliyun.com.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
aliyun.com.             172800  IN      NS      ns4.aliyun.com.
aliyun.com.             172800  IN      NS      ns3.aliyun.com.
aliyun.com.             172800  IN      NS      ns5.aliyun.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
mx2.mail.aliyun.com.    600     IN      A       110.75.48.150
ns3.aliyun.com.         432000  IN      A       42.120.250.251
ns4.aliyun.com.         432000  IN      A       110.75.20.27
ns4.aliyun.com.         432000  IN      A       140.205.71.248
ns4.aliyun.com.         432000  IN      A       42.156.241.248
ns5.aliyun.com.         432000  IN      A       198.11.138.248
ns5.aliyun.com.         432000  IN      A       140.205.2.187

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 10.242.197.247#53(10.242.197.247)
;; WHEN: Thu Jun  9 18:59:44 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 219