2017icpc 西安 XOR

XOR

Consider an array AAA with n elements . Each of its element is A[i]A[i]A[i] (1≤i≤n)(1 \le i \le n)(1≤i≤n) . Then gives two integers QQQ, KKK, and QQQ queries follow . Each query , give you LLL, RRR, you can get ZZZ by the following rules.

To get ZZZ , at first you need to choose some elements from A[L]A[L]A[L] to A[R]A[R]A[R] ,we call them A[i1],A[i2]…A[it]A[i_1],A[i_2]…A[i_t]A[i1​],A[i2​]…A[it​] , Then you can get number Z=KZ = KZ=K or (A[i1]A[i_1]A[i1​] xor A[i2]A[i_2]A[i2​] … xor A[it]A[i_t]A[it​]) .

Please calculate the maximum ZZZ for each query .

Input

Several test cases .

First line an integer TTT (1≤T≤10)(1 \le T \le 10)(1≤T≤10) . Indicates the number of test cases.Then TTT test cases follows . Each test case begins with three integer NNN, QQQ, KKK (1≤N≤10000, 1≤Q≤100000, 0≤K≤100000)(1 \le N \le 10000,\ 1 \le Q \le 100000 , \ 0 \le K \le 100000)(1≤N≤10000, 1≤Q≤100000, 0≤K≤100000) . The next line has NNN integers indicate A[1]A[1]A[1] to A[N]A[N]A[N] (0≤A[i]≤108)(0 \le A[i] \le 10^8)(0≤A[i]≤108). Then QQQ lines , each line two integer LLL, RRR (1≤L≤R≤N)(1 \le L \le R \le N)(1≤L≤R≤N) .

Output

For each query , print the answer in a single line.

样例输入

1
5 3 0
1 2 3 4 5
1 3
2 4
3 5

样例输出

3
7
7
分析：线段树维护区间线性基；
　　　或一个数可以预处理的时候直接把有1的那些位屏蔽掉；
　　　现场做不出来，果然还是因为太菜了呢。。