Udp通讯(零基础)

前面学习了Tcp通讯之后听老师同学们讲到Udp也可以通讯，实现还要跟简单，没有繁琐的连接，所以最近学习了一下，记录下来以便忘记，同时也发表出来与大家相互学习，下面是我自己写的一个聊天例子，实现了群聊私聊等功能。

通讯类（UdpInfo）

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

 namespace Model
 {
     [Serializable]
     public class UdpInfo
     {
         public string Name { get; set; }
         public string Ip { get; set; }
         public string Port { get; set; }
         public string Message { get; set; }
         public int Types { get; set; }//消息的类型
         public bool IsFist { get; set; }//判断加载的成员是否是第一个
         public string ToName { get; set; }//与谁私聊
         public string LoginName { get; set; }//新加入成员的名字
     }
 }

服务器（Server）

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Data;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.Windows.Forms;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Net.Sockets;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
 using Model;

 namespace Server
 {
     public partial class forUdp : Form
     {
         public forUdp()
         {
             InitializeComponent();
         }
         UdpClient server = null;
         IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = null;
         List<IPEndPoint> pointList = new List<IPEndPoint>();//成员集合
         private delegate void BindDelegate(UdpInfo u);//（绑定信息）
         BindDelegate bd = null;
         private bool flag;//是否为添加的第一个成员
         private string loginName;
         private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             txtPort.Text = "";//默认的端口
         }
         public void Receices()//接收客户端的消息
         {
             while (true)
             {
                 try
                 {
                     byte[] bytes = server.Receive(ref ipEndPoint);//获取消息
                     UdpInfo u = DeserializeObject(bytes) as UdpInfo;
                     bd = new BindDelegate(BindRtb);
                     this.Invoke(bd, u);
                 }
                 catch (Exception)
                 {
                     server.Close();//有异常关闭服务
                 }
             }
         }
         public object DeserializeObject(byte[] pBytes)//反序列化二进制为对象
         {
             object newOjb = null;
             if (pBytes == null)
                 return newOjb;
             MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream(pBytes);
             memory.Position = ;
             BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
             newOjb = formatter.Deserialize(memory);
             memory.Close();
             return newOjb;
         }
         public byte[] SerializeObject(object pObj)//序列化对象为二进制的数
         {
             if (pObj == null)
                 return null;
             MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream();
             BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
             formatter.Serialize(memory, pObj);
             memory.Position = ;
             byte[] read = new byte[memory.Length];
             memory.Read(read, , read.Length);
             memory.Close();
             return read;
         }
         public void BindRtb(UdpInfo u) //添加信息，绑定信息
         {
             if(u.Types == )//如果消息类型为上线
             {
                 pointList.Add(ipEndPoint);//添加成员
                 //u.Name = "1";
                 //获取需要的基本信息
                 loginName = u.Name;
                 u.Ip = ipEndPoint.ToString().Split(':')[];
                 u.Port = ipEndPoint.ToString().Split(':')[];
                 byte[] bytes = SerializeObject(u);
                 ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(u.Name);//绑定添加到成员列表上
                 item.SubItems.Add(u.Ip);
                 item.SubItems.Add(u.Port);
                 lvInfo.Items.Add(item);//显示成员信息
                 BindListView(loginName);//成员发生改变的时候，发送成员信息给客户端，刷新客户端的成员信息
             }
             else if (u.Types == )//如果消息的类型是群聊的话就执行
             {
                 foreach (ListViewItem items in lvInfo.Items)//循环每个成员
                 {
                     IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(items.SubItems[].Text);
                     IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(items.SubItems[].Text));
                     byte[] bytes = SerializeObject(u);
                     server.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, ipEndPoint);//给每个用户发送信息
                 }
             }
             else if (u.Types == )//消息的类型是私聊
             {
                 foreach(ListViewItem items in lvInfo.Items)
                 {
                     //如果该成员是指定成员才发送信息
                     if(u.ToName.Equals(items.SubItems[].Text))
                     {
                         IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(items.SubItems[].Text);
                         IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(items.SubItems[].Text));
                         byte[] bytes = SerializeObject(u);
                         server.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, ipEndPoint);//发送消息给指定的用户
                     }
                 }
             }
             else if(u.Types == )//如果消息的类型是下线的话
             {
                 IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = null;
                 foreach (ListViewItem items in lvInfo.Items)//循环每个成员
                 {
                     IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(items.SubItems[].Text);
                     ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(items.SubItems[].Text));
                     if(items.SubItems[].Text.Equals(u.Name))
                     {
                         lvInfo.Items.Remove(items);//从ListView集合中移除
                         pointList.Remove(ipEndPoint);//从List<IPEndPoint>集合中移除
                         continue;
                     }
                     byte[] bytes = SerializeObject(u);
                     server.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, ipEndPoint);//给每个用户发送信息
                 }
             }
             //服务器接收所有的消息
             rtbMessage.Text += "\n" + u.Name + ":" + u.Message;
         }
         public void BindListView(string loginName) //有新成员加入的时候就绑定刷新成员列表
         {
             flag = true;
             foreach (ListViewItem items in lvInfo.Items)//循环每个用户
             {
                 foreach (ListViewItem item in lvInfo.Items)//给每个用户发送全部的成员信息
                 {
                     UdpInfo u = new UdpInfo();
                     u.Name = item.SubItems[].Text.ToString();
                     u.IsFist = flag;//添加第一个成员的时候因为要重新初始化客户端成员列表，而剩下的则不要初始化，所以要设置为true
                     flag = false;
                     u.LoginName = loginName;
                     u.Message = "上线了！";
                     u.Ip = item.SubItems[].Text.ToString();
                     u.Port = item.SubItems[].Text.ToString();
                     byte[] bytes = SerializeObject(u);
                     IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(items.SubItems[].Text);
                     IPEndPoint ipp = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(items.SubItems[].Text));//得到成员的IPEndPoint
                     server.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, ipp);
                 }
             }
         }
         private void 结束程序ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             server.Close();
             this.Dispose();
             Application.Exit();
         }

         private void 运行程序ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             rtbMessage.Text = "可以发送消息过来了！";
             int port = Convert.ToInt32(txtPort.Text);
             server = new UdpClient(port);
             ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port);
             Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Receices));
             t.Start();
         }
     }
 }

客户端（Client）

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Data;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.Windows.Forms;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Net.Sockets;
 using System.Threading;
 using Model;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

 namespace Client
 {
     public partial class forUdp : Form
     {
         public forUdp()
         {
             InitializeComponent();
         }
         UdpClient client = null;
         IPEndPoint ipEndPoints = null;
         private delegate void BindDelegate(UdpInfo u);
         BindDelegate bd = null;
         private void forUdp_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             txtIP.Text = "192.168.1.109";
             txtPort.Text = "";
             txtName.Text = "小哈";
         }

         private void 运行程序ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             rtbMessage.Text = "可以发送消息过去了！";
             int port = Convert.ToInt32(txtPort.Text);
             ipEndPoints = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(txtIP.Text), port);
             client = new UdpClient();
             client.Connect(IPAddress.Parse(txtIP.Text), port);//关联此IP和端口
             Send(new UdpInfo() {Name = txtName.Text,Message = "上线了！", Types =  });
             Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Receices));
             t.Start();
         }

         public void Receices()//接收客户端的消息
         {
             while (true)
             {
                 try
                 {
                     byte[] bytes = client.Receive(ref ipEndPoints);
                     UdpInfo u = DeserializeObject(bytes) as UdpInfo;
                     bd = new BindDelegate(BindRtb);
                     this.Invoke(bd, u);
                 }
                 catch (Exception)
                 {
                     client.Close();
                 }
             }
         }
         public object DeserializeObject(byte[] pBytes)//反序列化二进制为对象
         {
             object newOjb = null;
             if (pBytes == null)
                 return newOjb;
             MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream(pBytes);
             memory.Position = ;
             BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
             newOjb = formatter.Deserialize(memory);
             memory.Close();
             return newOjb;
         }
         public byte[] SerializeObject(object pObj)//序列化对象为二进制的数
         {
             if (pObj == null)
                 return null;
             MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream();
             BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
             formatter.Serialize(memory, pObj);
             memory.Position = ;
             byte[] read = new byte[memory.Length];
             memory.Read(read, , read.Length);
             memory.Close();
             return read;
         }
         public void BindRtb(UdpInfo u)//将消息添加到消息框中
         {
             if (u.Types == )
             {
                 if (u.IsFist == true)
                     lvInfo.Items.Clear();
                 ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(u.Name);
                 item.SubItems.Add(u.Ip);
                 item.SubItems.Add(u.Port);
                 lvInfo.Items.Add(item);
             }
             else if (u.Types == )//如果消息的类型是下线的话
             {
                 IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = null;
                 foreach (ListViewItem items in lvInfo.Items)//循环每个成员
                 {
                     if (items.SubItems[].Text.Equals(u.Name))
                     {
                         IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(items.SubItems[].Text);
                         ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(items.SubItems[].Text));
                         lvInfo.Items.Remove(items);//从ListView集合中移除
                         continue;
                     }
                 }
             }
             foreach (ListViewItem items in lvInfo.Items)
             {
                 if(items.SubItems[].Text.Equals(u.LoginName))
                     rtbMessage.Text += "\n" + u.Name + ":" + u.Message;
             }
         }
         public void Send(UdpInfo u)//发送消息给服务器
         {
             byte[] bytes = SerializeObject(u);
             client.Send(bytes, bytes.Length);
         }
         private void 结束程序ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             Send(new UdpInfo() { Name = txtName.Text, Message = "下线了！", Types =  });
             client.Close();
             Application.Exit();
         }

         private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             UdpInfo u = new UdpInfo() {
                 Name = txtName.Text, Message = rtbNews.Text, Types =
             };
             if (lvInfo.SelectedItems.Count > )//如果有选中的成员的话
             {
                 u.Types = ;
                 u.ToName = lvInfo.SelectedItems[].SubItems[].Text;
             }
             Send(u);
             lvInfo.SelectedItems.Clear();//清除上一次的痕迹
         }
     }
 }