Loadrunner Http Json接口压力测试

前天接到了一个测试任务，要求测试一下ES（elsticsearch）在不同并发下的查询效率。如图：

业务场景是在客户端根据具体车牌查询相关车辆信息，结果返回前10条记录。 从图中可以看到，接口的请求参数和返回结果均是JSON字符串，请求可以用POST或者GET方法。先说GET方法：

一、GET方法测试

1. Insert - New step -选择Custom Request - web_url
2. 填入相应参数
3. 生成脚本，并修改如下

Action()
{
    //添加集合点
    lr_rendezvous("jihedian");
    lr_start_transaction("getTop10");
    //插入检查点，检查返回值是否包含kakoTypeName
    web_reg_find(
       "Search=Body",
       "Text=kakoTypeName",
        LAST );
   //发送get请求
    web_url("www.abc.com",
        "URL=http://192.168.3.33:9200/_search?{%22query%22:{%22bool%22:{%22must%22:[{%22term%22:{%22plateNumNond%22:%22%E9%B2%81{NewParam}%22}}],%22must_not%22:[],%22should%22:[]}},%22from%22:0,%22size%22:10,%22sort%22:[],%22aggs%22:{}}",
        "TargetFrame=",
        "Resource=0",
        "RecContentType=application/json",
        "Snapshot=t1.inf",
        "Mode=HTML",
        LAST );
    lr_end_transaction("getTop10", LR_AUTO);
   //打印本次取的车牌号
    lr_output_message( "the platenum is #%s", lr_eval_string( "{NewParam}" ) );
    return ;
}

　　 4. 查看返回结果

Virtual User Script started at : -- ::
Starting action vuser_init.
Web Turbo Replay of LoadRunner 11.0. for Windows ; build  (Aug   ::)      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Run Mode: HTML      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Run-Time Settings file: "F:\PassCarSearch\ESqueryByPlateNumNond_GET\\default.cfg"      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Ending action vuser_init.
Running Vuser...
Starting iteration .
Starting action Action.
Action.c(): Rendezvous jihedian
Action.c(): Notify: Transaction "getTop10" started.
Action.c(): Registering web_reg_find was successful      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): Registered web_reg_find successful for "Text=kakoTypeName" (count=)      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): web_url("www.abc.com") was successful,  body bytes,  header bytes      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): Notify: Transaction "getTop10" ended with "Pass" status (Duration: 3.1371 Wasted Time: 0.4776).
Action.c(): the platenum is #UT5387
Ending action Action.
Ending iteration .

说明：

1. 返回结果中可以看到检查点和事务都成功了，表明我们的脚本编写无误。
2. 查看服务器返回的结果需在Vuser-Runtime-settings的log选项下，勾选Enable-logging、Extended log、Data returned by server 。

二、POST方法测试

在用POST方法创建脚本时遇到了点波折——先是使用了函数web_submit_date，执行时报错，查询资料没找到原因，不知道是不是该函数不支持JSON串，有兴趣的可以自己试下。然后尝试用web_custom_request函数，执行后返回的结果都正确，ok，就它了。

1. Insert - New step -选择Custom Request - web_custom_request
2. 填入相应参数
3. 生成脚本，并修改如下（参数中的引号"前需要加斜杠\转译）

Action()
{
    lr_start_transaction("querybypost");
    //插入检查点，检查返回值是否包含t_query_data
    web_reg_find(
       "Text=max_score",
        LAST );
    web_custom_request("querybypost",                           //VuGen中树形视图中显示的名称
        "Url=http://192.168.3.33:9200/_search",   //请求url
        "Method=POST",
        "Resource=0",
        "Mode=HTTP", //请求方式
        "Referer=",
        "EncType=application/json",                   //指定响应头的Content-Type，这里是JSON
        "RecContentType=application/json",            //指定请求头的Content-Type，这里是JSON
        "Body={\"query\":{\"bool\":{\"must\":[{\"term\":{\"plateNumNond\":\"<PlateNumNond>\"}}],\"must_not\":[],\"should\":[]}},\"from\":0,\"size\":10,\"sort\":[],\"aggs\":{}}:",    //body的内容
         LAST);
    lr_end_transaction("querybypost", LR_AUTO);
    lr_output_message( "PlateNumNond on iteration #%s", lr_eval_string( "<PlateNumNond>" ) );
}

　　 4. 查看返回结果

Virtual User Script started at : -- ::
Starting action vuser_init.
Web Turbo Replay of LoadRunner 11.0. for Windows ; build  (Aug   ::)      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Run Mode: HTML      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Run-Time Settings file: "F:\PassCarSearch\ESqueryByPlateNumNond_POST\\default.cfg"      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Ending action vuser_init.
Running Vuser...
Starting iteration .
Starting action Action.
Action.c(): Notify: Transaction "querybypost" started.
Action.c(): Registering web_reg_find was successful      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): Warning: The string '"plateNumNond":"B23456"' with parameter delimiters is not a parameter.
Action.c(): Warning: The string '' with parameter delimiters is not a parameter.
Action.c(): t=770ms: -byte response headers for "http://192.168.3.33:9200/_search" (RelFrameId=, Internal ID=)
Action.c():     HTTP/1.1  OK\r\n
Action.c():     Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-\r\n
Action.c():     Content-Length: \r\n
Action.c():     \r\n
Action.c(): t=808ms: -byte response body for "http://192.168.3.33:9200/_search" (RelFrameId=, Internal ID=)
Action.c():     {"took":,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":,"successful":,"failed":},"hits":{"tot
Action.c():     al":0,"max_score":null,"hits":[]}}
Action.c(): Error -: "Text=t_query_data" not found for web_reg_find      [MsgId: MERR-]
Action.c(): web_custom_request("querybypost") highest severity level was "ERROR",  body bytes,  header bytes      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): Notify: Transaction "querybypost" ended with "Fail" status (Duration: 0.9686 Wasted Time: 0.7094).
Ending action Action.
Ending iteration .
Ending Vuser...
Starting action vuser_end.
Ending action vuser_end.
Vuser Terminated.

好吧，报错了。返回结果中的提示是Warning: The string '"plateNumNond":"B23456"' with parameter delimiters is not a parameter.

本着有问题找度娘的一贯态度，将这句话复制到度娘中检索，但结果不遂人愿，没有查询到解决思路。中间不断的思考是不是自己的代码出了问题，但最终把怀疑一一排除。后来突然想到在loadrunner中，参数化的标志是{}，我在body里面的{}并不是参数化，而是json的格式。。。终于找到原因了，接下来就简单了，只需在Tool - General Options - Parameterization 中将Parameter Braces 改为<>即可，如图

　　 5. 重新运行，查看结果。 看到以下结果，ok，搞定，收工！

Virtual User Script started at : -- ::
Starting action vuser_init.
Web Turbo Replay of LoadRunner 11.0. for Windows ; build  (Aug   ::)      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Run Mode: HTML      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Run-Time Settings file: "F:\PassCarSearch\ESqueryByPlateNumNond_POST\\default.cfg"      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Ending action vuser_init.
Running Vuser...
Starting iteration .
Starting action Action.
Action.c(): Notify: Transaction "querybypost" started.
Action.c(): Registering web_reg_find was successful      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): Notify: Parameter Substitution: parameter "PlateNumNond" =  "鲁UTR294"
Action.c(): t=1729ms: -byte response headers for "http://192.168.3.33:9200/_search" (RelFrameId=, Internal ID=)
Action.c():     HTTP/1.1  OK\r\n
Action.c():     Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-\r\n
Action.c():     Content-Length: \r\n
Action.c():     \r\n
Action.c(): t=1885ms: -byte response body for "http://192.168.3.33:9200/_search" (RelFrameId=, Internal ID=)
Action.c():     {"took":,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":,"successful":,"failed":},"hits":{"tot
Action.c():     al":0,"max_score":null,"hits":[]}}
Action.c(): Registered web_reg_find successful for "Text=max_score" (count=)      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): web_custom_request("querybypost") was successful,  body bytes,  header bytes      [MsgId: MMSG-]
Action.c(): Notify: Transaction "querybypost" ended with "Pass" status (Duration: 1.8611 Wasted Time: 0.6362).
Action.c(): Notify: Parameter Substitution: parameter "PlateNumNond" =  "鲁UTR294"
Action.c(): PlateNumNond on iteration #鲁UTR294
Ending action Action.
Ending iteration .

三、web_custom_request和web_submit_data区别

在解决问题的过程中查询了web_custom_request和web_submit_data区别，现附录如下：

• web_custom_request方法可以发送POST和GET类型的请求；
• web_submit_data只能发送POST类型的请求；
• 所有web_submit_data方法发送的请求都可以使用web_custom_request来实现
• web_custom_request可以实现web_submit_data无法实现的请求，比如“查询所有邮件并删除”这个案例中，查询时我们使用关联把所有邮件对应的标识抓取成一个数组，如果使用web_submit_data来完成这个删除的请求，需要很多个web_submit_data请求才能完成，但使用web_custom_request就可以通过一个请求完成，方法是自己写代码拼一个eb_custom_request
• 方法POST请求的Body值。

1. web_submit_data

请求中提交的数据格式：“Name=属性名称,”,“Value=属性值”

例如：

"Name=username″,"Value=″,
ENDITEM,
"Name=password″,"Value=″,
ENDITEM,
"Name=typeId″,"Value=″,
ENDITEM,

如果想提交的某个属性包含包含多个值（比如说批量删除），单个web_submit_data就无法处理了，只能通过多个web_submit_data来处理。

　　 2. web_custom_request

提交的数据（body）格式：“Body=属性名称=属性值&属性名称=属性值&……”

下面是一个典型的web_submit_data和web_custom_request请求，可以看到web_custom_request中提交的数据（body）是以这样的方式存在的，如下：

web_submit_data("searchRecvOrgsname",
 "Action=http://{url}/searchRecvOrgsname",
 "Method=POST",
 "TargetFrame=",
 "RecContentType=text/html",
 "Referer=http://{url}/login_wj;jsessionid={jsessionid}",
 "Snapshot=t18.inf",
 "Mode=HTML",
 ITEMDATA,
 "Name=orgsId",
"Value={orgsId}", ENDITEM,
 "Name=code",
"Value={order_end_station_code}", ENDITEM,
 LAST);
 web_custom_request("searchVehiclePopUp",
 "URL=http://{url}/searchVehiclePopUp",
 "Method=POST",
 "TargetFrame=",
 "Resource=0",
 "RecContentType=text/html",
 "Referer=http://{url}/login_wanjia;jsessionid={jsessionid}",
 "Snapshot=t19.inf",
 "Mode=HTML",
 "EncType=application/x-www-form-urlencoded;
charset=UTF-",
 "Body=&orgsId={orgsId}&order_start_station_id={order_start_station_id}&targetcode=order_truck_no&targetname=order_truck_name&targetid=order_truck_id",
 LAST);

两种情况下的POST请求会被LoadRunner录制为web_custom_request：

• 上文提到的批量提交多条同属性名称的数据的请求
• header属性x-requested-by值为XMLHttpRequest的POST请求

这两种实现请求的方法还有一个需要注意的地方就是web_custom_request中body中的属性值如果包含一些特殊字符，必须通过URL编码，否则Web服务器会返回500错误，一个典型的例子是如果Body中包含ViewState，ViewState中常常有“=”之类的特殊字符，此时必须通过URL编码，LoadRuner中提供了一个这样的编码转换函数：

web_convert_param(“vs1″,
“SourceEncoding=HTML”,“TargetEncoding=URL”, LAST);

　　 3. web_custom_request函数详解

A.语法：

int web_custom_request( const char
*RequestName, ,
[EXTRARES, ,] LAST );

B.返回值：返回LR_PASS（0）代表成功，LR_FAIL（1）代表失败。

C.参数：

(1)RequestName：步骤的名称，VuGen中树形视图中显示的名称。

(2)List of Attribute：属性列表，支持的属性有以下几种：

a. URL：页面地址。

b. Method：页面的提交方式，POST或GET。

c. EncType：编码类型。

d. TargetFrame：当前链接或资源所在Frame的名称。

除了Frame的名字，还可以指定下面的参数：

_BLANK：打开一个空窗口。

_PARENT：把最新更改过的的Frame替换为它的上级。

_SELF：替换最新更改过的的Frame。

_TOP：替换整个页面。