poi操作excel的基本用法

这周公司要用excel作为数据存储格式做一个文具申请的功能，感觉以前本来很简单的功能变复杂了不少，但是还是记录一下一些excel的基本用法。

写在最前面：这里只介绍一些excel的基本存储方式（读，写，数据和样式），高级用法并不会涉及。

首先是需要引入的jar包，如下表所示：（以下内容来自于Apache POI的官方文档）

Apache POI可以运用在许多文档文件的格式中。这些对文档操作的支持需要一些jar文件。不是所有的jar文件都被需要于每一个格式中。下面的表格列出了在POI部件中的关系，maven仓库的tags，和项目需要的jar文件。

组件	应用类型	Maven artifactId	注意
POIFS	OLE2 Filesystem	poi	Required to work with OLE2 / POIFS based files
HPSF	OLE2 Property Sets	poi
HSSF	Excel XLS	poi	For HSSF only, if common SS is needed see below
HSLF	PowerPoint PPT	poi-scratchpad
HWPF	Word DOC	poi-scratchpad
HDGF	Visio VSD	poi-scratchpad
HPBF	Publisher PUB	poi-scratchpad
HSMF	Outlook MSG	poi-scratchpad
DDF	Escher common drawings	poi
HWMF	WMF drawings	poi-scratchpad
OpenXML4J	OOXML	poi-ooxml plus either poi-ooxml-schemasor ooxml-schemas and ooxml-security	See notes below for differences between these options
XSSF	Excel XLSX	poi-ooxml
XSLF	PowerPoint PPTX	poi-ooxml
XWPF	Word DOCX	poi-ooxml
Common SL	PowerPoint PPT and PPTX	poi-scratchpad and poi-ooxml	SL code is in the core POI jar, but implementations are in poi-scratchpad and poi-ooxml.
Common SS	Excel XLS and XLSX	poi-ooxml	WorkbookFactory and friends all require poi-ooxml, not just core poi

下面是maven仓库所需要的jar包：

Maven artifactId	预先准备	JAR
poi	commons-logging, commons-codec, log4j	poi-version-yyyymmdd.jar
poi-scratchpad	poi	poi-scratchpad-version-yyyymmdd.jar
poi-ooxml	poi, poi-ooxml-schemas	poi-ooxml-version-yyyymmdd.jar
poi-ooxml-schemas	xmlbeans	poi-ooxml-schemas-version-yyyymmdd.jar
poi-examples	poi, poi-scratchpad, poi-ooxml	poi-examples-version-yyyymmdd.jar
ooxml-schemas	xmlbeans	ooxml-schemas-1.3.jar
ooxml-security	xmlbeans  For signing: bcpkix-jdk15on, bcprov-jdk15on, xmlsec, slf4j-api	ooxml-security-1.1.jar

综上可知：我们操作excel所需要poi，poi-ooxml和poi-ooxml-shemas这三类，请自行配置

tips：excel分为xls和xlsx，第一类是基于binary的标准，第二种是基于xml的规范，所以用不同的类进行操作

• 新建一个excel文件：

/**
     * 新建一个excel 2003的文件，在项目的根目录下
     */
    public void createHSSFWorkBooksTest() {
        try {
            Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); //这里新建了一个exccel 2003的文件，所以
            //Workbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();  这里是一个excel2007的文件，相应的输出流后缀应该是xlsx
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
            wb.write(fos);
            fos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

• 新建一个excel并且里面有2个sheet，一个叫做sheet1，一个叫做sheet2

  /**
       * 新建一个excel 2003的文件，在项目的根目录下
       */
      public void createHSSFWorkBooksTest() {
          try {
              Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); //这里新建了一个exccel 2003的文件，所以
              //Workbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();  这里是一个excel2007的文件，相应的输出流后缀应该是xlsx
              FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
              wb.write(fos);
              fos.close();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }

• 在单元格里面赋值，值为1

tips：在单元格里面可以添加所有基本类型，以及公式，但是公式操作这里不做介绍

    /**
     * 在第二行的第一个单元格里面赋值，值为1
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testCreateCell() throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        CreationHelper helper = wb.getCreationHelper();
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new Sheet");
        Row row = sheet.createRow(1);
        Cell cell = row.createCell(0);
        cell.setCellValue(1);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
        wb.write(fos);
        fos.close();
    }

• 在单元格里面添加日期类型

    /**
     * 在单元格里面添加日期类型的值
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testCreateDateCell() throws Exception {
        //新建一个excel2003的workbook
        Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        //新建一个单元格
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet();
        CreationHelper helper = wb.getCreationHelper();
        //新建一行，且是第一行，java中的行是从0开始计算的
        Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
        //在第一行新建一个单元格
        Cell cell = row.createCell(0);
        //在这里赋一个没有转换格式的日期类型
        cell.setCellValue(new Date());
        //通过workbook获得一个cellstyle
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        //进行日期类型的格式转换
        style.setDataFormat(helper.createDataFormat().getFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));
        //新建一个单元格，单元格的位置是第一行第二列
        cell = row.createCell(1);
        //赋值，变量为日期类型
        cell.setCellValue(new Date());
        //该单元格的style为上面的那种
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
        cell = row.createCell(2);
        //第二种获得日期的方法，通过调用java的canlendar
        cell.setCellValue(Calendar.getInstance());
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
        wb.write(fos);
        fos.close();
    }

• 设置单元格里面的字体颜色

    /**
     * 设置不同的颜色显示
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testCreateDifferentCell() throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
        Row row = sheet.createRow(2);
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        //获取一个font
        Font font = wb.createFont();
        //设置font的颜色为红色
        font.setColor(Font.COLOR_RED);
        style.setFont(font);
        row.createCell(0).setCellValue(1.2);
        row.getCell(0).setCellStyle(style);
        row.createCell(1).setCellValue(1);
        row.createCell(2).setCellValue(true);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
        wb.write(fos);
        fos.close();
    }

• 读取已经有的excel有两种方式：File和InputStream，但是在poi3.5之前不能用file的方式去读

/**
     * 读取已经存在excel的两种方式
     * File && InputStream
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testCreateExcelByInputStreamAndFile() throws Exception {
        // Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(new File("workbook.xls"));
        //Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls"));
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
        Row row = sheet.createRow(2);
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        // style.setFont(wb.createFont().setColor(Font.COLOR_RED));
        Font font = wb.createFont();
        font.setColor(Font.COLOR_RED);
        style.setFont(font);
        row.createCell(0).setCellValue(1.2);
        row.getCell(0).setCellStyle(style);
        row.createCell(1).setCellValue(1);
        row.createCell(2).setCellValue(true);
        wb.close();
        // FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
        // wb.write(fos);
        // fos.close();
    }

• 循环excel里面所有的元素，默认的迭代方式，不用迭代器，但是在poi3.5之前都不支持这样的读取方式

    /**
     * 循环excel里面所有的元素，默认的迭代方式，不用迭代器，但是在poi3.5之前都不支持这样的读取方式
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testIterateAllExcel() throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(new File("iterate.xls"));
        for (Sheet sheet : wb) {
            for (Row row : sheet) {
                for (Cell cell : row) {
                    if (cell == null) {
                        System.out.println("the cell is null!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());

                    }
                }
            }
        }
        wb.close();
    }

• 通过获取cell内容的类型来调用相应的方法获取cell里面的值

    /**
     * 在excel的单元格内容有各式各样的形式，所以读取之前要先判断读取内容的类型，然后才能用相应的方式读取出来
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testGetExcelContent() throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(new File("iterate.xls"));
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
        for (Row row : sheet) {
            for (int i = 0; i < row.getLastCellNum(); i++) {
                //单元格的内容如果是空则返回null
                Cell cell = row.getCell(i, Row.RETURN_BLANK_AS_NULL);
                if (cell == null) {
                    System.out.println("the cell is null!");
                    continue;
                }
                //通过getCellType方法判断单元格里面的内容
                switch (cell.getCellType()) {
                //获取的内容为string类型
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
                    System.out.println("the type is String:"
                            + cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString());
                    break;
                //获取的内容为数字类型（包括整型，浮点...）
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
                    System.out.println("the type is numeric:"
                            + cell.getNumericCellValue());
                    break;
                //获取的内容为布尔类型
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                    System.out.println("the type is boolean:"
                            + cell.getBooleanCellValue());
                    break;
                //获取的内容为公式类型
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
                    System.out.println("the type is formula:"
                            + cell.getCellFormula());
                    break;
                //获取的内容为black
                case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
                    System.out.println("the type is null:" + cell);
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("-");
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        wb.close();
    }

• 读和重新写入

    /**
     * 读和重新写入，就是输入流和输出流都对同一个文件做操作
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testExcelFont() throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
        Row row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
        Cell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
        cell.setCellValue("This is testing merge");
        Font font = wb.createFont();
        font.setColor(IndexedColors.BLUE.getIndex());
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        style.setFont(font);
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
        wb.write(fos);
        wb.close();
        fos.close();
    }

------------------------------不知疲倦的翻越每一个山丘，越过山丘，虽然已白了头，更新于2016/09/29-------------------------------------------

这里自己写了一个类，在构造函数时传入excel的地址，就可以通过里面的方法读取指定行，指定列，以及一个sheet中的全部内容，或者读取整个excel，并且在javabean的属性和excel对应列高度匹配时，可以调用方法直接转换成bean。

附代码：

package com.rms.apply.util;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;

import com.rms.entity.Server;

public class POIExcelUtilHelper {
    private String excelPath;

    private Workbook wb = null;

    private InputStream inp = null;

    /**
     * the constructor method
     *
     * @param excelPath
     *            the excel path like D://xxx.xlsx
     */
    public POIExcelUtilHelper(String excelPath) {
        this.excelPath = excelPath;
        try {
            inp = new FileInputStream(excelPath);
            wb = WorkbookFactory.create(inp);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    /**
     * read one line in excel
     *
     * @author mingzheng
     * @param sheet
     *            the sheet
     * @param rowNum
     *            the row line which you should read
     * @param startCellNum
     *            the start column which you begin to read
     * @param endCellNum
     *            the end of the column which you end to read(if the value is -1
     *            means read the line to the end of column)
     * @param notReadNum
     *            the columns which you don't want to read
     * @return an array of object
     */
    private Object[] readOneline(Sheet sheet, int rowNum, int startCellNum,    int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        List<Integer> notReadList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        for (int i = 0; i < notReadNum.length; i++) {
            notReadList.add(notReadNum[i]);
        }
        Row row = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
        if (row == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (endCellNum == -1) {
            endCellNum = row.getLastCellNum();
        } else {
            endCellNum++;
        }
        int objectNum = endCellNum - startCellNum - notReadNum.length;
        Object[] object = new Object[objectNum];
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = startCellNum; i < endCellNum; i++) {
            if (notReadList.contains(i)) {
                System.out.println("the continue is:" + i);
                continue;
            }
            Cell cell = row.getCell(i);
            if (cell.getCellType() == Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
                if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMM-yy",
                            Locale.ENGLISH);
                    object[j] = sdf.format(HSSFDateUtil.getJavaDate(cell
                            .getNumericCellValue()));
                } else {
                    object[j] = cell.getNumericCellValue();
                }
            } else if (cell.getCellType() == cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING) {
                object[j] = cell.getStringCellValue();
            } else if (cell.getCellType() == Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA) {
                try {
                    object[j] = cell.getNumericCellValue();
                } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                    try {
                        object[j] = cell.getStringCellValue();
                    } catch (IllegalStateException e1) {
                        object[j] = "wrong!";
                    }
                }
            } else {
                object[j] = "";
            }
            j++;
        }
        return object;
    }

    /**
     * enter the sheet num and read the row and column which you want to read.
     *
     * @author mingzheng
     * @param sheetNum
     *            the sheet num (begin with 0)
     * @param rowNum
     *            the row line which you should read
     * @param startCellNum
     *            the start column which you begin to read
     * @param endCellNum
     *            the end of the column which you end to read(if the value is -1
     *            means read the line to the end of column)
     * @param notReadNum
     *            the columns which you don't want to read
     * @return an array of object
     */
    public Object[] readOneObject(int sheetNum, int rowNum, int startCellNum,
            int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(sheetNum);
        Object[] objects = readOneline(sheet, rowNum, startCellNum, endCellNum,
                notReadNum);
        return objects;
    }

    /**
     * enter the sheet name and read the row and column which you want to read.
     *
     * @author mingzheng
     * @param sheetNum
     *            the sheet name
     * @param rowNum
     *            the row line which you should read
     * @param startCellNum
     *            the start column which you begin to read
     * @param endCellNum
     *            the end of the column which you end to read(if the value is -1
     *            means read the line to the end of column)
     * @param notReadNum
     *            the columns which you don't want to read
     * @return an array of object
     */
    public Object[] readOneObject(String sheetName, int rowNum,
            int startCellNum, int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(sheetName);
        Object[] objects = readOneline(sheet, rowNum, startCellNum, endCellNum,
                notReadNum);
        return objects;
    }

    /**
     * 读取excel里面指定行和指定列，并且返回一个list包装的object数组
     *
     * @param sheetName
     *            sheet的名字
     * @param startRowNum
     *            开始的行号
     * @param endRowNum
     *            结束的行号
     * @param startCellNum
     *            开始的列号
     * @param endCellNum
     *            结束的列号
     * @param notReadNum
     *            在开始和结束列之间不用读的列号
     * @return list包装的object数组
     */
    public List<Object[]> readListObject(String sheetName, int startRowNum,
            int endRowNum, int startCellNum, int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        List<Object[]> oList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(sheetName);
        if (endRowNum == -1) {
            endRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1;
        } else {
            endRowNum++;
        }
        for (int i = startRowNum; i < endRowNum + 1; i++) {
            Object[] objects = readOneline(sheet, i, startCellNum, endCellNum,
                    notReadNum);
            oList.add(objects);
        }
        return oList;
    }

    /**
     * 读一个excel的指定行和指定列，并且返回一个list包装的object数组
     *
     * @param sheetNum
     *            sheet的位置号
     * @param startRowNum
     *            开始的行号
     * @param endRowNum
     *            结束的行号
     * @param startCellNum
     *            开始的列号
     * @param endCellNum
     *            结束的列号
     * @param notReadNum
     *            在开始行和结束行之间不用读的行号
     * @return list包装的object数组
     */
    public List<Object[]> readListObject(int sheetNum, int startRowNum,
            int endRowNum, int startCellNum, int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        List<Object[]> oList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(sheetNum);
        if (endRowNum == -1) {
            endRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1;
        } else {
            endRowNum++;
        }
        for (int i = startRowNum; i < endRowNum; i++) {
            Object[] objects = readOneline(sheet, i, startCellNum, endCellNum,
                    notReadNum);
            oList.add(objects);
        }
        return oList;
    }

    /**
     * 读整个excel
     *
     * @return 返回一个map，key是sheet的名字，value是每一个sheet对应的list
     */
    public Map<String, List<Object[]>> readAllExcel() {
        Map<String, List<Object[]>> map = new HashMap<String, List<Object[]>>();
        int sheetNum = wb.getNumberOfSheets();
        for (int i = 0; i < sheetNum; i++) {
            String sheetName = wb.getSheetName(i);
            List<Object[]> oList = readListObject(i, 0, -1, 0, -1);
            map.put(sheetName, oList);
        }
        return map;
    }

    public Object transferArrayToObject(Class clazz, Object[] objects) {
        try {
            Object object = clazz.newInstance();
            Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
            for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
                Field field = fields[i];
                field.setAccessible(true);
                if ((field.getType() == int.class || field.getType() == Integer.class)
                        && (objects[i] instanceof Double)) {
                    System.out.println(objects[i]);
                    Double tempValue = (Double) objects[i];
                    objects[i] = tempValue.intValue();
                }
                field.set(object, objects[i]);
            }
            return object;
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public Object readOneObjectToBean(Class clazz, int sheetNum, int rowNum,
            int startCellNum, int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        Object[] objectArray = readOneObject(sheetNum, rowNum, startCellNum,
                endCellNum, notReadNum);
        return transferArrayToObject(clazz, objectArray);
    }

    public Object readOneObjectToBean(Class clazz, String sheetName,
            int rowNum, int startCellNum, int endCellNum, int... notReadNum) {
        Object[] objectArray = readOneObject(sheetName, rowNum, startCellNum,
                endCellNum, notReadNum);
        return transferArrayToObject(clazz, objectArray);
    }

    public List readListObjectToBean(Class clazz, int sheetNum,
            int startRowNum, int endRowNum, int startCellNum, int endCellNum,
            int... notReadNum) {
        List<Object[]> oList = readListObject(sheetNum, startCellNum,
                endRowNum, startCellNum, endCellNum, notReadNum);
        List list = new ArrayList();
        for (Object[] objectArray : oList) {
            Object object = transferArrayToObject(clazz, objectArray);
            list.add(object);
        }
        return list;
    }

    public List readListObjectToBean(Class clazz, String sheetName,
            int startRowNum, int endRowNum, int startCellNum, int endCellNum,
            int... notReadNum) {
        List<Object[]> oList = readListObject(sheetName, startCellNum,
                endRowNum, startCellNum, endCellNum, notReadNum);
        List list = new ArrayList();
        for (Object[] objectArray : oList) {
            Object object = transferArrayToObject(clazz, objectArray);
            list.add(object);
        }
        return list;
    }

    public Map<String, List> readAllExcel(Class clazz) {
        Map<String, List<Object[]>> oMap = readAllExcel();
        Map<String, List> map = new HashMap<String, List>();
        for (Entry<String, List<Object[]>> entry : oMap.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            List<Object[]> oList = entry.getValue();
            List list = new ArrayList();
            for (Object[] objectArray : oList) {
                Object o = transferArrayToObject(clazz, objectArray);
                list.add(o);
            }
            map.put(key, list);
        }
        return map;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InvalidFormatException,
            IOException {
        POIExcelUtilHelper helper = new POIExcelUtilHelper(
                "D://CR Tracking List_Order_SPEAR v4 final.xlsx");
        Object[] list = helper.readOneObject("CR List", 2, 0, 41, 31, 32);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list));
        System.out.println(list.length);
        System.out.println("read the excel end!");

    }
}