实践证明，Struts2.3.16.3 至少要下面9个Jar包才能正常启动。

commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar

commons-logging-1.1.3.jar

freemarker-2.3.19.jar

javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar

ognl-3.0.6.jar

struts2-core-2.3.16.3.jar

xwork-core-2.3.16.3.jar

commons-io-2.2.jar

commons-lang3-3.1.jar

少javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar报这个错：

严重: Dispatcher initialization failed

java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(ContainerImpl.java:301)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$ConstructorInjector.construct(ContainerImpl.java:438)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$5.create(ContainerBuilder.java:207)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Scope$2$1.create(Scope.java:51)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$3.create(ContainerBuilder.java:93)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuilder.java:487)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuilder.java:484)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext(ContainerImpl.java:584)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder.create(ContainerBuilder.java:484)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.createBootstrapContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:340)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:229)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:273)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:254)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:372)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:98)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4542)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5220)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5215)

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException

    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(ContainerImpl.java:299)

    ... 26 more

Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory.setContainer(OgnlValueStackFactory.java:84)

    ... 31 more

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Javassist library is missing in classpath! Please add missed dependency!

    at ognl.OgnlRuntime.<clinit>(OgnlRuntime.java:168)

    ... 32 more

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javassist.ClassPool

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1676)

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1521)

    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)

    at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)

    at ognl.OgnlRuntime.<clinit>(OgnlRuntime.java:165)

    ... 32 more

少commons-io-2.2.jar报这个错：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/io/FileUtils

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.JarEntryRevision.build(JarEntryRevision.java:50)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManager.monitorFile(DefaultFileManager.java:97)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManager.loadFile(DefaultFileManager.java:74)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:1011)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadDocuments(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:165)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.init(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:132)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:233)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:273)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:254)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:372)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:98)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4542)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5220)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5215)

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1676)

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1521)

    ... 23 more

少commons-lang3-3.1.jar报这个错：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211)

    at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)

    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:273)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:254)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:372)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:98)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4542)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5220)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5215)

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1676)

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1521)

    ... 19 more

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