Linux下用rpm方式安装MySQL

1、MySQL下载地址。

www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql-4.0.html

下载MySQL 5.1版本的2个包（根据你的实际需求下载所需要的包）：

MySQL-server-community-5.1.68-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

MySQL-client-community-5.1.68-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

2、安装server和client安装包。

[root@serv22 mnt]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.68-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

Preparing...             ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server-community ########################################### [100%]

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h serv22 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. 
This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

Starting MySQL..[ OK ]

Giving mysqld 2 seconds to start

[root@serv22 mnt]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-community-5.1.68-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

Preparing...             ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client-community ########################################### [100%]

3、安装完后直接运行 “mysql” 命令登陆数据库，看是否安装成功。

[root@serv22 mnt]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.1.68-community MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. 
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

如果出现以上提示，说明安装成功。

4、查看有哪些数据库，系统会默认安装几个数据库。

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql      |

| test         |

+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

使用mysql数据库

mysql> use mysql;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed

查看数据库里有哪些表

mysql> show tables;

+---------------------------+

| Tables_in_mysql |

+---------------------------+

| columns_priv |

| db |

| event |

| func |

| general_log |

| help_category |

| help_keyword |

| help_relation |

| help_topic |

| host |

| ndb_binlog_index |

| plugin |

| proc |

| procs_priv |

| servers |

| slow_log |

| tables_priv |

| time_zone |

| time_zone_leap_second |

| time_zone_name |

| time_zone_transition |

| time_zone_transition_type |

| user |

+---------------------------+

23 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看表的结构，比如user表。

mysql> desc user;

+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |

| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |

| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |

| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Create_tmp_table_priv |enum('N','Y') |NO | | N | |

| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |

| ssl_type |enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |

| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |

| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |

| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |

| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
39 rows in set (0.01 sec)

查看user表中的数据

mysql> select host,user from user;

+-----------+------+

| host 
| user |

+-----------+------+

| 127.0.0.1 | root |

| localhost | |

| localhost | root |

| serv22 | |

| serv22 | root |

+-----------+------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--修改root用户的密码

格式：mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码

[root@serv22 mnt]# mysqladmin -uroot password mysql123

再次尝试不加密码登陆数据库，会出现报错信息

[root@serv22 mnt]# mysql

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

使用密码登陆数据库

格式：mysql [-u username] [-h host] [-p[password]] [dbname]

[root@serv22 mnt]# mysql -uroot -pmysql123

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.1.68-community MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. 
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

登陆成功。