day 93 Restframwork

苑昊博客： http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7570003.html

 一、queryset 特性

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publishDate= models.DateField()
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
    keepNum= models.IntegerField()
    commentNum= models.IntegerField(default=1)
    # 与publish建立一对多的关系，外键字段建立在多的一方
    # publish =models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid")

    #与Author表建立多对多的关系，ManytoManyFiled可以建立在两个模型中的任意一个.
    # authors =models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

　　

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models

# Create your views here.
def query(request):

    #可切片
    queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
    ret =queryset[0:2]
    print(ret)

    return HttpResponse("ok")

打印结果：

<QuerySet [<Book: python>, <Book: go>]>

 #可迭代
    for obj in queryset:
        print(obj.title,obj.price)

    return HttpResponse("ok")

结果：

python 1.00
go 11.00
linux 22.00

　　

  #惰性查询
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all() #这一条语句没有在sql语句中执行也没有翻译成sql语句.
    print(queryset) #打印了才能执行sql语句和翻译.
    return HttpResponse("ok")

二 、Restframework快速实例化.

restful 一切皆资源.

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from app01 import  models
from rest_framework import serializers

class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')

class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Group
        fields = ('url', 'name')

#自定义的Book序列化
class BookSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields =('url','title')

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = Group.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer

from app01 import  models
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset =  models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

　　

URL

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from app01 import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
router.register(r'books', views.BookViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]

settings

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config',
    'rest_framework'
]

Model表

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

　　

迁移   makemigrations  and migrate .

 前两个写在一个逻辑里面

books ---------------------------------get： 查询所有数据 --------------------------------- 返回的查询所有书籍.

books----------------------------------post：添加一本书籍---------------------------------返回的添加书籍

后三个写在另一一个url 逻辑里

books/1 -------------------------------get：查看某本书籍----------------------------------返回的这本书籍

books/1--------------------------------put/patch：编辑某本书籍--------------------------返回 编辑的某本书

books/1--------------------------------delete ：删除某本书籍------------------------------返回空

 三 、RestFramework 的 APIView.

view视图类

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from django.views import View

class BookView(View):
    def get(self,request):

        return HttpResponse("getget")

    def post(self,request):

        return  HttpResponse("postpost")

　　

url

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import  views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
]

　　

model

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

settings

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config',
    'rest_framework'


]

测试工具测试：

json实现展现 （view类下的方法）

from app01 import  views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    url(r"^books/(\d+)",views.BookDetailView.as_view())

　　

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from django.views import View
from app01.models import Book
import json


class BookView(View):

    def get(self,request):
        ret =Book.objects.all()  #对queryset做序列化转换
        temp=[]
        for book in ret:
            temp.append({
                "pk":book.pk,
                "title":book.title
            })
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp))

    def post(self,request):

        print(request)

class BookDetailView(View):
    pass

　

APIView类

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　apiview 下的dispatch

view(request) == return self.dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)()

GET方法拿值

request.data

四、Restframework 的序列化组件

序列化：

views文件

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from django.views import View
from app01.models import Book
import json

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import  serializers

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title =serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price =serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2)
    publish =serializers.CharField(max_length=32,source="publish.Email")
    authors =serializers.CharField(max_length=32,source="authors.all")

    """
    #总结的源码
            bs =BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
            temp=[]
            for obj in book_list:
                temp.append({
                    ’titlte':obj.title,
                    ’price':obj.price,
                    ’publish':obj.publish.name,
                    'authors':obj.authors.

                }）
    #总结的源码            

            bs.data =json.dumps(temp)

    """

    def get_authors(self,obj):
        temp =[]
        for obj in obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(obj.name)
        return temp

class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self,request):
        print(request._request.GET)
        print(request.GET)
        print(request.query_params)

        book_list= Book.objects.all()
        # 方式一：
        temp=[]
        from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # for book in book_list:
        #     temp.append(model_to_dict(book)) #序列化方式一 django提供的.

        #方式二：
        # from django.core.serializers import serialize
        # data =serialize("json",book_list)  #序列化方式二 django提供的.
        # return Response(data)

        #方式三：
        bs =BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
        print("bs:is",bs)

        return  Response(bs.data)

    def post(self,request):
        print("request.data==>",request.data)
        print("request.POST==>",request.POST)
        return HttpResponse("post request")
class BookDetailView(View):
    pass

　　

一对多 与多对多的字段 （publish ， author）