深入浅出Tomcat/1- 来历和配置文件
背景
Tomcat和Catalina的来历
Tomcat配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources
Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
-->
<GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
-->
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
-->
<Service name="Catalina"> <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
-->
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
via a brute-force attack -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
available for use by the Realm. -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
从以上可以看出,Tomcat最顶层的容器叫Server,代表整个服务器,Server中包一个或多个Service,该Service用来代表一个服务。同时,一个Service也包含多个Connector,Connector用来网络连接,例如HTTP,HTTPS或AJP。Service也包含一个或多个Engine等,用来管理和封装Servlet,以及处理具体的请求等。
我们先简要解释一下Tomcat的这个配置文件。
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
<!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
-->
<!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
@Override
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
if (Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
log();
}
} private void log() {
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.serverInfo.server.version",
ServerInfo.getServerInfo()));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.serverInfo.server.built",
ServerInfo.getServerBuilt()));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.serverInfo.server.number",
ServerInfo.getServerNumber()));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.os.name",
System.getProperty("os.name")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.os.version",
System.getProperty("os.version")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.os.arch",
System.getProperty("os.arch")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.java.home",
System.getProperty("java.home")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.vm.version",
System.getProperty("java.runtime.version")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.vm.vendor",
System.getProperty("java.vm.vendor")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.catalina.base",
System.getProperty("catalina.base")));
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.catalina.home",
System.getProperty("catalina.home"))); if (logArgs) {
List<String> args = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getInputArguments();
for (String arg : args) {
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.arg", arg));
}
} if (logEnv) {
SortedMap<String, String> sortedMap = new TreeMap<>(System.getenv());
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : sortedMap.entrySet()) {
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.env", e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
}
} if (logProps) {
SortedMap<String, String> sortedMap = new TreeMap<>();
for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : System.getProperties().entrySet()) {
sortedMap.put(String.valueOf(e.getKey()), String.valueOf(e.getValue()));
}
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : sortedMap.entrySet()) {
log.info(sm.getString("versionLoggerListener.prop", e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
}
}
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
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