python基础（五）

一、os模块

import os
# os.rename(old,new)#重命名
# os.remove(f)#删除文件

# os.mkdir('china/beijing') #创建文件夹
# os.makedirs('china/beijing') #父目录不存在的时候会帮你创建
# os.removedirs('china')#只能删除空文件夹

# print(os.listdir())#显示该目录下面的所有文件和文件夹
# print(os.path.isdir('china1'))#判断是否是文件夹
# print(os.path.isfile('china'))#判断是否是文件
# print(os.path.exists('china'))#判断文件或者文件夹是否存在
# res = os.system('ipconfig')#执行操作系统命令 ls]
# print('res...',res)
# res = os.popen('ipconfig').read()#用来执行操作系统命令
# print(res)
# print(os.path.join('china','beijing','haidian','changping','a.py'))#拼路径
res = os.path.split(r'china\beijing\haidian\changping\a.py')#用来分割文件名和路径
# print(res)
res = os.path.dirname(r'china\beijing\haidian\changping\a.py')#取父目录
print(res)
print(os.path.getsize('笔记.txt'))#单位是字节
print(os.getcwd())#取当前的目录
print(os.chdir(r'C:\Users\nhy\PycharmProjects\jnz\day5'))#进入到哪个目录下
print(os.getcwd())#取当前的目录
#分别用他们2个创建一个2层的牡蛎

# china/beijing

# 统计e盘下面有多个python文件

# res = os.walk(r'china')
# count = 0
# for cur_path,dirs,files in res:
#     print(cur_path)
#     #china/a.py
#     for f in files:
#         if f.endswith('.py'):
#             # count+=1
#             os.remove(os.path.join(cur_path,f))
# print(count)
#
#
# def find_file(path,keyword):
#     #查找文件的
#     res = os.walk(path)
#     for cur_path, dirs, files in res:
#         for file_name in files:
#             if keyword in file_name:
#                 print('该文件在 %s下面' %cur_path)
#
#e:\\xxx"\xxx
#/user/loal/xxx

二、time模块

#和时间相关的操作

import time

# time.sleep(30)

# 格式化好的时间 20180915 14：08:53

# 时间戳  从计算机诞生那天到现在过了多少秒

# res = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') #取当前的格式化日期
res = time.time()#获取当前的时间戳

#时间元组

#先把格式化好的时间转成时间元组

#1992-01-02

# time_tuple = time.strptime('2038-08-29 19:23:59','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#把格式化好的时间转成时间元组
# print(time.mktime(time_tuple))

def str_to_timestamp(time_str=None,format='%Y%m%d%H%M%S'):
    #格式化好的时间转时间戳的
    #不传参数的话返回当前的时间戳
    if time_str:
        time_tuple = time.strptime(time_str, format)  # 把格式化好的时间转成时间元组
        timestamp = time.mktime(time_tuple)
    else:
        timestamp = time.time()
    return int(timestamp)

# print(str_to_timestamp())
# print(str_to_timestamp('20391123175123'))
# print(str_to_timestamp('2013-08-09','%Y-%m-%d'))

#时间戳转格式化好的时间

#先把时间戳转成时间元组

# res = time.gmtime(time.time())#是把时间戳转时间元组的，标准时区
res = time.localtime(time.time())#是把时间戳转时间元组的，当前时区
res2 = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',res)
print(res2)
def timestamp_to_strtime(timestamp=None,format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
    #这个函数是用来把时间戳转成格式化好的时间
    #如果不传时间戳的话，那么就返回当前的时间
    if timestamp:
        time_tuple = time.localtime(timestamp)
        str_time = time.strftime(format,time_tuple)
    else:
        str_time = time.strftime(format)
    return str_time

#用当前的时间戳+50年的秒数，时间戳转成格式化好的时间

five = str_to_timestamp() - (50*365*24*60*60)
res = timestamp_to_strtime(five)
print('50年后的时间是',res)

三、加密的模块

# 8a10818ac51be3681d5f915041c90092

import hashlib

# import md5 #这个是python2里面的
password='123123'
# print(password.encode())#转成二进制类型的才可以加密
m = hashlib.md5(password.encode())
# m = hashlib.sha1(password.encode())
# m = hashlib.sha224(password.encode())
# m = hashlib.sha256(password.encode())
# print(dir(m))
print(m.hexdigest())
#md5加密之后是不可逆

#撞库
# 123456  4297f44b13955235245b2497399d7a93
# 345678  4297f44b13955235245b2497399d7a93
# 123123  4297f44b13955235245b2497399d7a93

# 123123

#123456+34few45834@$

def my_md5(s:str,salt=None):
    #salt是盐值
    s = str(s)
    if salt:
        s = s+salt
    m = hashlib.md5(s.encode())
    return m.hexdigest()

#加盐

#34few45834@$

四、第三方模块

# pip install xpinyin
# import xpinyin
# s = xpinyin.Pinyin()
# pinyin = s.get_pinyin('倪菊芳','')
# print(pinyin)

#1、ip

host='118.24.3.40'
user='jxz'
password='123456' #密码只能是字符串
db='jxz'
port=3306#端口号只能写int类型
charset='utf8'#只能写utf8，不能写utf-8
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host=host,password=password,
                user=user,db=db,port=port,
                charset=charset,autocommit=True
                )#建立连接

cur= conn.cursor() #建立游标
# cur.execute()#只是帮你执行sql语句
# print(cur.fetchall())#获取数据库里面的所有的结果
# print('fetchone',cur.fetchone())
# sql='insert into app_myuser (username,passwd,is_admin) VALUE ("python123456","123456",1);'
sql='select * from app_myuser limit 5;'
cur.execute(sql)
print(cur.description)#获取这个表里面的所有字段信息
# conn.commit()#提交
cur.close()
conn.close()

def my_db(ip,user,password,db,sql,port=3306,charset='utf8'):
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host=ip,user=user,password=password,
        db=db,
        port=port,charset=charset,autocommit=True
    )
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute(sql)
    res = cur.fetchall()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
    return res

def my_db2(sql):
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host='118.24.3.40',user='jxz',password='123456',
        db='jxz',
        port=3306,charset='utf8',autocommit=True
    )
    pass
五、excel操作
1、写excel

import xlwt
import xlrd
import xlutils

#写Excel

book = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = book.add_sheet('sheet1')
# sheet.write(0,0,'id')#指定行和lie写内容
# sheet.write(0,1,'username')
# sheet.write(0,2,'password')
#
# sheet.write(1,0,'1')
# sheet.write(1,1,'niuhanyang')
# sheet.write(1,2,'123456')

#
stus = [
    [1,'njf','1234'],
    [2,'xiaojun','1234'],
    [3,'hailong','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
]
line = 0 #控制的是行
for stu in stus:#行
    #stu [1,'njf','1234']
    col = 0
    for s in stu:
        #0 0  1
        #0 1 njf
        #0 2 1234

        # 1 0 2
        # 1 1 xiaojun
        # 1 2 1234

        sheet.write(line,col,s)
        col+=1
    line+=1

book.save('stu.xls')# .xlsx

2、读excel

import xlrd

book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
# sheet = book.sheet_by_name('sheet1')
print(sheet.nrows) #excel里面有多少行
print(sheet.ncols) #excel里面有多少列

print(sheet.cell(0,0).value) #获取到指定单元格的内容
print(sheet.cell(0,1).value) #获取到指定单元格的内容

print(sheet.row_values(0))#获取到整行的内容
# print(sheet.col_values(0))#获取到整列的内容

for i in range(sheet.nrows):#循环获取每行的内容
    print(sheet.row_values(i))

3、修改excel

import xlrd

# from xlutils import copy
# book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls')
# #先用xlrd打开一个Excel
# new_book = copy.copy(book)
# #然后用xlutils里面的copy功能，复制一个Excel
# sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)#获取sheet页
# sheet.write(0,1,'倪菊芳')
# sheet.write(1,1,'白小军')
# new_book.save('stu.xls')
d = {'喝一瓶': 30, '喝3瓶': 50, '不喝': 1, '买单': 19}

def choice(d):
    print('喝一瓶...')

choice(d)

def export_excel(table_name):
    pass
#user.xls