HttpURLConnection是java的标准类，什么都没封装。

HTTPClient是个开源框架，封装了访问http的请求头，参数，内容体，响应等等。

简单来说，HTTPClient就是一个增强版的HttpURLConnection，HttpURLConnection可以做的事情HTTPClient全部可以做；HttpURLConnection没有提供的有些功能，HTTPClient也提供了，但它只是关注于如何发送请求、接收响应，以及管理HTTP连接。

实例：

package com.cn.common.controller;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.URL;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/http")

public class HttpClientAndURLConnectionController {

    @RequestMapping("/testHttp")

    public void testHttp(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) {

        try {

            long s1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

            testHttpClient();

            long s2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

            testHttpURlConnection();

            long s3 = System.currentTimeMillis();

            System.out.println((s2-s1)+" "+(s3-s2));

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    public void testHttpClient() throws IOException{

        System.out.println("testHttpClient");

        //请求方法

        String result="";

        String url = "http://192.168.2.111:8088/era/user/getUserById";

        HttpClient client =new HttpClient();

        //设置连接时间

        client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(30000);

        //解决乱码问题

        client.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET,"UTF-8");

        PostMethod method =new PostMethod(url);

        //传参

        method.addParameter("userId", "100");

        int status = client.executeMethod(method);

        if(status == HttpStatus.SC_OK){

            result = method.getResponseBodyAsString();

        }

        System.out.println(result);

        method.releaseConnection();

    }

    public void testHttpURlConnection() throws IOException{

        System.out.println("testHttpURlConnection");

        String result = "";

        URL url = new URL("http://192.168.2.111:8088/era/user/getUserById");

        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置连接主机超时（单位：毫秒）

        conn.setReadTimeout(30000);//设置从主机读取数据超时（单位：毫秒）

        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");//设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET

        conn.setDoInput(true);//设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true

        conn.setDoOutput(true);//设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false

        conn.setUseCaches(false);//Post请求不能使用缓存

        conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);

        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8");

        conn.connect();

        int responsecode = conn.getResponseCode();

        if(responsecode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){ //对应HTTP响应中状态行的响应码

            //操作请求流，这里对应HTTP响应中的响应正文

            InputStream urlStream = conn.getInputStream();

            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(urlStream,"utf-8"));

            String s = "";

            while ((s = reader.readLine()) != null) {

                result += s;

            }

            reader.close();

            urlStream.close();

        }

        System.out.println(result);

        if(conn != null){

            conn.disconnect();

        }

    }

}

调用的url方法：

@RequestMapping("/getUserById")

public void getUserById(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{

    resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

    resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

    int userId;

    if(null == req.getParameter("userId")){

        userId = 100;

    }else{

        userId = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("userId"));

    }

    User user = this.userService.selectByPrimaryKey(userId);

    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

    String result = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);

    resp.getWriter().print(result);

}

项目启动后，第一次执行testHttp方法后控制台信息：

testHttpClient

2016-07-31 00:24:46,513 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - Java version: 1.7.0_75

2016-07-31 00:24:46,515 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - Java vendor: Oracle Corporation

2016-07-31 00:24:46,515 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - Java class path: D:\apache-tomcat-8.0.33/bin/bootstrap.jar;D:\apache-tomcat-8.0.33/bin/tomcat-juli.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_75/lib/tools.jar

2016-07-31 00:24:46,515 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - Operating system name: Windows 8.1

2016-07-31 00:24:46,515 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - Operating system architecture: amd64

2016-07-31 00:24:46,515 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - Operating system version: 6.3

2016-07-31 00:24:46,516 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SUN 1.7: SUN (DSA key/parameter generation; DSA signing; SHA-1, MD5 digests; SecureRandom; X.509 certificates; JKS keystore; PKIX CertPathValidator; PKIX CertPathBuilder; LDAP, Collection CertStores, JavaPolicy Policy; JavaLoginConfig Configuration)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,517 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunRsaSign 1.7: Sun RSA signature provider

2016-07-31 00:24:46,517 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunEC 1.7: Sun Elliptic Curve provider (EC, ECDSA, ECDH)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,517 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunJSSE 1.7: Sun JSSE provider(PKCS12, SunX509 key/trust factories, SSLv3, TLSv1)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,517 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunJCE 1.7: SunJCE Provider (implements RSA, DES, Triple DES, AES, Blowfish, ARCFOUR, RC2, PBE, Diffie-Hellman, HMAC)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,517 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunJGSS 1.7: Sun (Kerberos v5, SPNEGO)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,517 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunSASL 1.7: Sun SASL provider(implements client mechanisms for: DIGEST-MD5, GSSAPI, EXTERNAL, PLAIN, CRAM-MD5, NTLM; server mechanisms for: DIGEST-MD5, GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, NTLM)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,518 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - XMLDSig 1.0: XMLDSig (DOM XMLSignatureFactory; DOM KeyInfoFactory)

2016-07-31 00:24:46,518 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunPCSC 1.7: Sun PC/SC provider

2016-07-31 00:24:46,518 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient] - SunMSCAPI 1.7: Sun's Microsoft Crypto API provider

2016-07-31 00:24:46,535 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.useragent = Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1

2016-07-31 00:24:46,549 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.protocol.version = HTTP/1.1

2016-07-31 00:24:46,556 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.connection-manager.class = class org.apache.commons.httpclient.SimpleHttpConnectionManager

2016-07-31 00:24:46,556 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.protocol.cookie-policy = default

2016-07-31 00:24:46,557 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.protocol.element-charset = US-ASCII

2016-07-31 00:24:46,557 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.protocol.content-charset = ISO-8859-1

2016-07-31 00:24:46,562 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.method.retry-handler = org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler@a9d5438

2016-07-31 00:24:46,563 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.dateparser.patterns = [EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss zzz, EEEE, dd-MMM-yy HH:mm:ss zzz, EEE MMM d HH:mm:ss yyyy, EEE, dd-MMM-yyyy HH:mm:ss z, EEE, dd-MMM-yyyy HH-mm-ss z, EEE, dd MMM yy HH:mm:ss z, EEE dd-MMM-yyyy HH:mm:ss z, EEE dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss z, EEE dd-MMM-yyyy HH-mm-ss z, EEE dd-MMM-yy HH:mm:ss z, EEE dd MMM yy HH:mm:ss z, EEE,dd-MMM-yy HH:mm:ss z, EEE,dd-MMM-yyyy HH:mm:ss z, EEE, dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss z]

2016-07-31 00:24:46,588 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.connection.timeout = 30000

2016-07-31 00:24:46,588 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.protocol.content-charset = UTF-8

2016-07-31 00:24:46,727 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnection] - Open connection to 192.168.2.111:8088

2016-07-31 00:24:46,744 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "POST /era/user/getUserById HTTP/1.1[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,747 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Adding Host request header

2016-07-31 00:24:46,871 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Default charset used: UTF-8

2016-07-31 00:24:46,900 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Default charset used: UTF-8

2016-07-31 00:24:46,902 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "User-Agent: Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,903 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "Host: 192.168.2.111:8088[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,903 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "Content-Length: 10[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,903 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,907 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,911 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.content] - >> "userId=100"

2016-07-31 00:24:46,913 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.EntityEnclosingMethod] - Request body sent

2016-07-31 00:24:47,041 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Creating a new SqlSession

2016-07-31 00:24:47,074 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@631e7edd] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active

2016-07-31 00:24:47,168 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction] - JDBC Connection [com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.ConnectionProxyImpl@155b4677] will not be managed by Spring

2016-07-31 00:24:47,197 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==>  Preparing: select id, user_name, password, age from user where id = ?

2016-07-31 00:24:47,756 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==> Parameters: 100(Integer)

2016-07-31 00:24:47,848 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - <==      Total: 1

2016-07-31 00:24:47,852 DEBUG [com.alibaba.druid.pool.PreparedStatementPool] - {conn-10001, pstmt-20000} enter cache

2016-07-31 00:24:47,854 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@631e7edd]

2016-07-31 00:24:48,085 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "HTTP/1.1 200 OK[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,086 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "HTTP/1.1 200 OK[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,089 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,090 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,090 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Content-Length: 67[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,090 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2016 16:24:48 GMT[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,091 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,095 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Buffering response body

2016-07-31 00:24:48,095 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.content] - << "{"id":100,"userName":"admin[0xe7][0xae][0xa1][0xe7][0x90][0x86][0xe5][0x91][0x98]","password":"123456","age":25}"

2016-07-31 00:24:48,097 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Resorting to protocol version default close connection policy

2016-07-31 00:24:48,097 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Should NOT close connection, using HTTP/1.1

2016-07-31 00:24:48,098 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnection] - Releasing connection back to connection manager.

{"id":100,"userName":"admin管理员","password":"123456","age":25}

testHttpURlConnection

2016-07-31 00:24:48,127 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Creating a new SqlSession

2016-07-31 00:24:48,129 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@1ee42c08] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active

2016-07-31 00:24:48,129 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction] - JDBC Connection [com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.ConnectionProxyImpl@155b4677] will not be managed by Spring

2016-07-31 00:24:48,130 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==>  Preparing: select id, user_name, password, age from user where id = ?

2016-07-31 00:24:48,131 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==> Parameters: 100(Integer)

2016-07-31 00:24:48,137 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - <==      Total: 1

2016-07-31 00:24:48,138 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@1ee42c08]

{"id":100,"userName":"admin管理员","password":"123456","age":25}

1598 58

第一次执行后：

testHttpClient()用时：1598

testHttpURlConnection()用时：58

第二次执行testHttp方法后控制台信息：

testHttpClient

2016-07-31 00:28:09,582 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.connection.timeout = 30000

2016-07-31 00:28:09,582 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.DefaultHttpParams] - Set parameter http.protocol.content-charset = UTF-8

2016-07-31 00:28:09,583 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnection] - Open connection to 192.168.2.111:8088

2016-07-31 00:28:09,586 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "POST /era/user/getUserById HTTP/1.1[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,587 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Adding Host request header

2016-07-31 00:28:09,587 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Default charset used: UTF-8

2016-07-31 00:28:09,590 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Default charset used: UTF-8

2016-07-31 00:28:09,591 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "User-Agent: Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,592 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "Host: 192.168.2.111:8088[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,592 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "Content-Length: 10[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,593 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,593 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - >> "[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,593 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.content] - >> "userId=100"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,594 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.EntityEnclosingMethod] - Request body sent

2016-07-31 00:28:09,601 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Creating a new SqlSession

2016-07-31 00:28:09,602 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@240543cf] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active

2016-07-31 00:28:09,603 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction] - JDBC Connection [com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.ConnectionProxyImpl@155b4677] will not be managed by Spring

2016-07-31 00:28:09,605 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==>  Preparing: select id, user_name, password, age from user where id = ?

2016-07-31 00:28:09,606 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==> Parameters: 100(Integer)

2016-07-31 00:28:09,611 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - <==      Total: 1

2016-07-31 00:28:09,612 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@240543cf]

2016-07-31 00:28:09,616 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "HTTP/1.1 200 OK[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,617 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "HTTP/1.1 200 OK[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,617 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,617 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,618 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Content-Length: 67[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,618 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2016 16:28:09 GMT[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,618 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.header] - << "[\r][\n]"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,618 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Buffering response body

2016-07-31 00:28:09,619 DEBUG [httpclient.wire.content] - << "{"id":100,"userName":"admin[0xe7][0xae][0xa1][0xe7][0x90][0x86][0xe5][0x91][0x98]","password":"123456","age":25}"

2016-07-31 00:28:09,619 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Resorting to protocol version default close connection policy

2016-07-31 00:28:09,619 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase] - Should NOT close connection, using HTTP/1.1

2016-07-31 00:28:09,620 DEBUG [org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnection] - Releasing connection back to connection manager.

{"id":100,"userName":"admin管理员","password":"123456","age":25}

testHttpURlConnection

2016-07-31 00:28:09,629 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Creating a new SqlSession

2016-07-31 00:28:09,630 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@4636317d] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active

2016-07-31 00:28:09,631 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction] - JDBC Connection [com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.ConnectionProxyImpl@155b4677] will not be managed by Spring

2016-07-31 00:28:09,631 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==>  Preparing: select id, user_name, password, age from user where id = ?

2016-07-31 00:28:09,632 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - ==> Parameters: 100(Integer)

2016-07-31 00:28:09,637 DEBUG [com.cn.eagle.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey] - <==      Total: 1

2016-07-31 00:28:09,640 DEBUG [org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionUtils] - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@4636317d]

{"id":100,"userName":"admin管理员","password":"123456","age":25}

39 25

第二次执行后：

testHttpClient()用时：39

testHttpURlConnection()用时：25

总的来说，在大压力或者连续不断发请求的情况下，HttpClient不会比HttpURLConnection慢多少，因为保持了底层的Socket连接，不用每次都重新连接。

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