基于xtrabackup的主从同步
基于xtrabackup的主从同步
|
作者 |
刘畅 |
|
时间 |
2020-9-21 |
服务器版本：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804
|
主机名 |
ip地址 |
服务器配置 |
安装软件 |
密码 |
|
mysql01 |
172.16.1.151 |
2核/2G/60G |
01 02 percona-xtrabackup |
|
|
mysql02 |
172.16.1.152 |
2核/2G/60G |
01 mysql5.7.31(二进制版)，未初始化的空库，从节点。 02 percona-xtrabackup |
目录
1 基于gtid方式增加从库
1.1
前提条件
1 主库(172.16.1.151)my.cnf配置文件
# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
pid-file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
log-error =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = ON
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log_file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
max_connections = 10240
open_files_limit = 65535
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
transaction_isolation =
READ-COMMITTE
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
symbolic-links = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names = 1
server-id = 1
log-bin =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = mixed
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 14
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
创建mysql用户
# groupadd -g 1600 mysql
# useradd -g mysql -u 1600 -M -s /sbin/nologin
mysql
# id mysql
uid=1600(mysql) gid=1600(mysql) 组=1600(mysql)
初始化mysql数据库
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
修改数据库密码
# grep 'temporary password'
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
2020-09-03T15:36:48.970741Z 1 [Note] A temporary
password is generated for root@localhost: Kf;Aj:zNk7&3
# mysql -uroot -p'Kf;Aj:zNk7&3'
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
'mysql5.7@2021';
mysql> exit;
创建复制账户
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%'
IDENTIFIED BY 'repl@2020';
2 从库(172.16.1.152)my.cnf配置文件
# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
pid-file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
log-error =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = ON
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log_file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
max_connections = 10240
open_files_limit = 65535
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
transaction_isolation =
READ-COMMITTE
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
symbolic-links = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names = 1
server-id = 2
slave-skip-errors=1007,1022,1050,1062,1169
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log
max_relay_log_size=512M
relay-log-purge=ON
read-only
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
创建mysql
用户
# groupadd -g 1600 mysql
# useradd -g mysql -u 1600 -M -s /sbin/nologin
mysql
# id mysql
uid=1600(mysql) gid=1600(mysql) 组=1600(mysql)
3 mysqld.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
#
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --daemonize
--pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
LimitNOFILE = 65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
1.2
主库操作(172.16.1.151)
1 登录主库创建库、表、数据
mysql> create database test;
mysql> use test;
mysql> create table user (name
varchar(50));
mysql> insert into user(name)
values("zhangsan");
mysql> show global variables like
"%gtid%";
2 使用xtrabackup在线备份主库
# mkdir -p /mysql_backup/
# innobackupex -uroot -p"mysql5.7@2021" --stream=tar
/mysql_backup/ 2>/dev/null |gzip >/mysql_backup/`date
+%F_%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz
# du -sh
/mysql_backup/2020-10-21_14-07-57.tar.gz
580K /mysql_backup/2020-10-21_14-07-57.tar.gz
3 将备份的主库发送到从库
# scp -rp /mysql_backup/2020-10-21_14-07-57.tar.gz
root@172.16.1.152:/tmp/
1.3
从库操作(172.16.1.152)
1 解压主库备份
# mkdir -p /tmp/mysql_data/
# cd /tmp/mysql_data/
# tar -xzf
/tmp/2020-10-21_14-07-57.tar.gz
# ls -l
2 回滚事务日志
# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only
/tmp/mysql_data/
3 完全还原备份库
# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back
/tmp/mysql_data/
# ls -l --full-time
/usr/local/mysql/data/
4 查看主库的binlog_pos点
# cat
/usr/local/mysql/data/xtrabackup_info
binlog_pos = filename 'mysql-bin.000003', position
'750', GTID of the last change
'994634a3-f6fc-11ea-a9d8-000c290fbdd4:1-5'
5 启动从数据库
# chown -R mysql.mysql
/usr/local/mysql/
# systemctl start mysqld
# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=6651dc51-1366-11eb-a67e-000c29c5b550
6 设置已执行过的gtid
# mysql -uroot -p'mysql5.7@2021'
mysql> reset slave;
# 清空从节点信息
mysql> reset master;
# 清空mysql.gtid_executed表信息
mysql> SET GLOBAL
GTID_PURGED='994634a3-f6fc-11ea-a9d8-000c290fbdd4:1-5';
# 设置已执行过的gtid
mysql> show global variables like
"%gtid%";
mysql> select * from
mysql.gtid_executed;
7 配置连接主库信息
# mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='172.16.1.151',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='repl@2020',
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
8 启动主从复制
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
1.4
补充
1 mysql.gtid_executed表
GTID持久化的介质，MySQL启动阶段会读取这个表来获取gtid_executed变量的值。mysql.gtid_executed表修改时机为在BINLOG发生切换的时候保存，直到上一个BINLOG文件
执行过的全部GTID，它不是实时更新的。
2 gtid_executed变量
MySQL数据库已经执行了哪些GTID事务，处于内存中。show slave status中的executed_gtid_set也取自这里。
3 gtid_purged变量
由于BINLOG文件的删除(如purge binary logfiles或者超过expire_logs_days设置)已经丢失的GTID事务，同时在搭建备库的我们使用set global
gtid_purged变量来提示MySQL哪些GTID事务我已经执行过了。
4 通过percona-xtrabackup备份库，备份的是数据库及库中的表文件，其它文件不会备份(例如：主库的binlog文件，从库的relay-log、master.info文件)，当启动数据库时根据my.cnf文件再生成相应的文件。
2 基于传统二进制增加从库
2.1 前提条件
1 主库(172.16.1.151)my.cnf配置文件
# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
pid-file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
log-error =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = ON
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log_file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
max_connections = 10240
open_files_limit = 65535
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
transaction_isolation =
READ-COMMITTE
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
symbolic-links = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names = 1
server-id = 1
log-bin =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = mixed
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 14
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
创建mysql用户
# groupadd -g 1600 mysql
# useradd -g mysql -u 1600 -M -s /sbin/nologin
mysql
# id mysql
uid=1600(mysql) gid=1600(mysql) 组=1600(mysql)
初始化mysql数据库
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
修改数据库密码
# grep 'temporary password'
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
2020-09-03T15:36:48.970741Z 1 [Note] A temporary
password is generated for root@localhost: Kf;Aj:zNk7&3
# mysql -uroot -p'Kf;Aj:zNk7&3'
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
'mysql5.7@2021';
mysql> exit;
创建复制账户
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%'
IDENTIFIED BY 'repl@2020';
mysql> flush privileges;
2 从库(172.16.1.152)my.cnf配置文件
# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
pid-file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
log-error =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = ON
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log_file =
/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
max_connections = 10240
open_files_limit = 65535
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
transaction_isolation =
READ-COMMITTE
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
symbolic-links = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names = 1
server-id = 2
slave-skip-errors=1007,1022,1050,1062,1169
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log
max_relay_log_size=512M
relay-log-purge=ON
read-only
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
创建mysql
用户
# groupadd -g 1600 mysql
# useradd -g mysql -u 1600 -M -s /sbin/nologin
mysql
# id mysql
uid=1600(mysql) gid=1600(mysql) 组=1600(mysql)
3 mysqld.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
#
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --daemonize
--pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
LimitNOFILE = 65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
2.2
主库操作(172.16.1.151)
1 登录主库创建库、表、数据
mysql> reset master;
# 因为在上面我修改了root密码、创建了用于主从复制的'repl'@'%'用户，并刷新了
# 权限表，这些操作的pos点都被记录了下来，为了下面实验一致，我将binlog日
# 志重置，从重新开始。
mysql> create database test;
mysql> use test;
mysql> create table user (name
varchar(50));
mysql> insert
into user(name) values("zhangsan");
mysql> show master status;
2 使用xtrabackup在线备份主库
# mkdir -p /mysql_backup/
# innobackupex -uroot -p"mysql5.7@2021" --stream=tar
/mysql_backup/ 2>/dev/null |gzip >/mysql_backup/`date
+%F_%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz
# du -sh
/mysql_backup/2020-10-21_16-23-39.tar.gz
580K /mysql_backup/2020-10-21_16-23-39.tar.gz
3 将备份的主库发送到从库
# scp -rp /mysql_backup/2020-10-21_16-23-39.tar.gz
root@172.16.1.152:/tmp/
2.3
从库操作(172.16.1.152)
1 解压主库备份
# mkdir -p /tmp/mysql_data/
# cd /tmp/mysql_data/
# tar -xzf
/tmp/2020-10-21_16-23-39.tar.gz
# ls -l --full-time
2 回滚事务日志
# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only
/tmp/mysql_data/
3 完全还原备份库
# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back
/tmp/mysql_data/
# ls -l --full-time
/usr/local/mysql/data/
4 查看主库的binlog_pos点
# cat
/usr/local/mysql/data/xtrabackup_info
binlog_pos = filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position
'750'
5 启动从数据库
# chown -R mysql.mysql
/usr/local/mysql/
# systemctl start mysqld
# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=6651dc51-1366-11eb-a67e-000c29c5b550
6 清空主库信息
# mysql -uroot -pmysql5.7@2021
mysql> reset slave;
# 清空从节点信息
mysql> reset master;
# 清空mysql.gtid_executed表信息
7 配置连接主库信息
# mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='172.16.1.151',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='repl@2020',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=750;
8 启动主从复制
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
基于xtrabackup的主从同步的更多相关文章
- 采用xtrabackup部署主从同步
1.停掉从库192.168.1.23[root@dev-env23 tmp]# service mysqld stopStopping mysqld: [ OK ] 2.主库全备份cd /opt/xt ...
- Mysql 实现基于binlog的主从同步
工作原理 1.主节点必须启用二进制日志,记录任何修改了数据库数据的事件.2.从节点开启一个线程(I/O Thread)把自己扮演成 mysql 的客户端,通过 mysql 协议,请求主节点的二进制日志 ...
- RocketMQ(九)：主从同步的实现
分布式系统的三大理论CAP就不说了,但是作为分布式消息系统的rocketmq, 主从功能是最最基础的了.也许该功能现在已经不是很常用了,但是对于我们理解一些分布式系统的常用工作原理还是有些积极意义的. ...
- 通过 XtraBackup 实现不停机不锁表搭建主从同步
简介 Xtrabackup是由 Percona 开发的一个开源软件,可实现对 InnoDB 的数据备份,支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写).备份时,Xtrabackup 会将 Master 的 b ...
- XtraBackup做mysql主从同步
一.背景: 线上一个主库压力比较大,所以增加一个从库,但是不能重启或者停止主库的正常运行,不能锁库锁表影响业务的正常运行.所以这里想到了XtraBackup 二.XtraBackup介绍: Xtrab ...
- xtrabackup备份MySQL并主从同步
为什么要使用xtarbackup? mysqldump备份数据库的时候,会锁库锁表,导致业务服务的暂时停滞,数据库数量小还没有感觉,当数据超过几个G的时候,使用mysqldump会严重影响服务器性能, ...
- SQL SERVER 基于数据库镜像的主从同步(数据库镜像实践汇总)
SQL SERVER 基于数据库镜像的主从同步 Author:chaoqun.guo createtime:2019-03-26 目录 SQL SERVER 基于数据库镜像的主从同步... 1 ...
- 基于mysql主从同步的proxy读写分离
mysql-proxy 简介 MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序,它可以监测.分析或改变它们的通信.它使用灵活,没有限制,常见的用途包括:负载 ...
- percona-mysql5.7.24使用xtrabackup工具配置主从同步
主从配置详细过程: 环境准备: 配置好服务器,主从服务器都安装并启动mysql数据库 # 添加读写账号和只读账号,应用配置中,写主库用读写账号,统计从库数据yoga只读账号 grant select, ...
随机推荐
- 把el-element的日期格式改为CRON
在日常的开发当中,经常会遇到格式的不匹配造成的困扰. 在日期管理上,el-element也是贴心的准备了相关的日期选择器,但是在取值的时候发现,el-element所给出的值格式可能并不是我们常用的. ...
- [算法] O(n^2)排序算法的效率比较
选择.插入排序 main.cpp 1 #include <iostream> 3 #include "SortTestHelper.h" 4 5 using names ...
- [刷题] 350 Intersection of Two Arrays
要求 给定两个数组nums,求两个数组交集 输出结果与元素在两个数组中出现的次数一致 不考虑输出结果的顺序 举例 nums1=[1,2,2,1] nums2=[2,2] 结果:[2,2] 思路 使用m ...
- linux服务之NTP及chrony时间同步
博客园 首页 联系 管理 linux服务之NTP及chrony时间同步 一.NTP时间同步 NTP(Network Time Protocol,网络时间协议)是由RFC 1305定义的时间同步 ...
- 如何在CentOS 7上安装Htop
在本教程中,我们将向您介绍如何在CentOS 7服务器上安装和配置Htop.对于那些不知道的人,Htop 是为Linux编写的一个交互式实时系统监视进程查看器.它被设计为替代Unix程序的顶部.它显示 ...
- Zabbix agent端 配置
Zabbix agent端 配置 agent端环境 zabbix-client:RHEL8 IP:192.168.121.11 一.安装 Zabbix 源 [root@zabbix-client ~] ...
- Web网站实现用户认证访问（加密访问）
Web网站实现用户认证访问,有效减少流量的访问,具体的实现步骤如下: 我们使用httpd作为测试对象,体现安装好httpd服务,并且可以在浏览器访问测试首页(可以关闭防火墙:如果不关闭防火墙,则需要开 ...
- Java 程序流程控制语句
顺序语句 语句:使用分号分隔的代码称作为一个语句 注意:没有写任何代码只是一个分号的时候,也是一条语句,称作空语句 顺序语句就是按照从上往下的顺序执行的语句 Scanner scanner = new ...
- Swift系列十 - inout的本质
inout是可以用来在函数内部修改外部属性内存的. 一.inout回顾 示例代码: func test(_ num: inout Int) { num = 20 } var a = 10 test(& ...
- Linux基础服务——Bind DNS服务 Part2
Linux基础服务--Bind DNS服务 Part2 DNS反向解析与区域传送 实验环境延续Part1的实验环境. 反向区域配置 正向解析是域名到IP地址的映射,反向解析则是IP地址到域名的解析,在 ...