Nginx负载均衡、location匹配

nginx的日志

```
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/access.log main;
remote_addr 访问ip地址
remote_user 访问的用户
time_local 本地时间
request 包括请求方式 请求地址 请求协议版本
status 状态码
body_bytes_sent 发送的大小
http_user_agent 用户的请求头
http_x_forwarded_for
```

禁止访问

```
可以写在server或者location里面
deny 192.168.21.1;
allow 192.168.21.131;
deny 192.168.21.0/24;

```

反向代理

- 起到保护网站安全的作用
- 可以缓存静态文件
- 实现负载均衡 F5 A10 lvs haproxy nginx

```
upstream django {
server 192.168.21.128:81;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;

# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

location / {
proxy_pass http://django;
}

```

权重

weight

```
upstream django {
server 192.168.21.128:81 weight=3;
server 192.168.21.131:81
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;

# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

location / {
proxy_pass http://django;
}
}
得到的结果是：
访问128的3次，才访问131的一次
```

ip_hash

每个请求的ip做hash运算，这样每个固定的访客都会被负载到后端固定的机器

```
upstream django {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.21.128:81
server 192.168.21.131:81
}
```

backup

当前面的都访问不到，则请求backup的备份,只要有一个通，则不会走backup

```
upstream django {
server 192.168.21.128:81;
server 192.168.21.131:81;
server 192.168.21.131:82 backup;
}
```

nginx location匹配规则

```
location = / {
精确匹配/ ,后面不能带其他的东西
[ configuration A ]
}

location / {
所有的以/开头的地址
[ configuration B ]
}

location /documents/ {
只匹配/documents/
[ configuration C ]
}

location ^~ /images/ {
# 匹配以/images/开头。
~严格大小写
[ configuration D ]
}

location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
以(gif|jpg|jpeg)结尾的文件
~* 不区分大小写
[ configuration E ]
}
优先级
= > 完整路径 > ^~ > /
```

location分离

```
server {

listen 80 ;
server_name www.taobao.com taobao.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.21.131:82;
}
location ~*\.(jpg|gif|png)$ {
root /data/img;
}
```

status

```
location /status {
stub_status on;
}
```

压缩

```
gzip on
提高响应速度，节省带宽
```