一、题目说明

题目是32. Longest Valid Parentheses,求最大匹配的括号长度。题目的难度是Hard

二、我的做题方法

简单理解了一下,用栈就可以实现。实际上是我考虑简单了,经过5次提交终于正确了。

性能如下:

Runtime: 8 ms, faster than 61.76% of C++ online submissions for Longest Valid Parentheses.
Memory Usage: 9.8 MB, less than 10.71% of C++ online submissions for Longest Valid Parentheses.

代码如下:

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
using namespace std; class Solution {
public:
int longestValidParentheses(string s){
if(s.size()<=1) return 0; stack<char> st;
vector<int> result; for(int t=0;t<s.size();t++){
if(s[t]=='('){
st.push(s[t]);
result.push_back(0);
}else if(s[t]==')'){
if(st.empty()){
result.push_back(0);
}else if(st.top() == '('){
st.pop();
if(result.back()>0){
int s = result.size()-1;
//合并所有非 0
while(s>0 && result[s]>0){
s--;
}
if(s < result.size()-2){
int sum = 0,currSize = result.size();
for(int j=s+1;j<currSize-1;j++){
sum += result.back();
result.pop_back();
}
result.back() += sum;
} int tmp = result.back() + 2;
if(result.size()>0){
result.pop_back();
}
result.back() += tmp; }else{
result.back() += 2;
} }
}
} int max=0,curMax=0;
for(int i=0;i<result.size();i++){
curMax = 0;
int t = i;
while(t<result.size() && result[t]>0){
curMax += result[t];
t++;
}
max = curMax>max ? curMax : max;
} return max;
}
};
int main(){
Solution s;
cout<<(2==s.longestValidParentheses("(()"))<<endl;
cout<<(4==s.longestValidParentheses(")()())"))<<endl;
cout<<(2==s.longestValidParentheses("()(()"))<<endl;
cout<<(6==s.longestValidParentheses("()(())"))<<endl;
cout<<(4==s.longestValidParentheses("(()()"))<<endl;
cout<<(4==s.longestValidParentheses("(())"))<<endl;
cout<<(6==s.longestValidParentheses("(()())"))<<endl;
cout<<(10==s.longestValidParentheses(")(())(()()))("))<<endl;
cout<<(8==s.longestValidParentheses("((()))())"))<<endl;
return 0;
}

三、优化措施

题解给了4种方法,这4种方法都比较好理解,我上述实现方法属于第3种“栈”,只不过把问题搞复杂了。惭愧!!!

1.暴力法,枚举所有子串,判断合法性,求出最长。

2.动态规划,这一直是我的软肋。

用数组dp表示,其中第 i 个元素表示以下标为 i 的字符结尾的最长有效子字符串的长度。

3.栈

4.不需要额外空间:这种方法非常巧妙,非常考验智商!理解起来不难!

用left和right分别统计左括号和右括号数量,先从左到右统计,遇到左括号left++,遇到右括号right++,如果right==left求最大值,如果left<right则将left=right=0;再从右到左来一遍。

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