Collections.shuffle源码阅读

java.util.Collections

  /**
     * Randomly permutes the specified list using a default source of
     * randomness.  All permutations occur with approximately equal
     * likelihood.<p>
     *
     * The hedge "approximately" is used in the foregoing description because
     * default source of randomness is only approximately an unbiased source
     * of independently chosen bits. If it were a perfect source of randomly
     * chosen bits, then the algorithm would choose permutations with perfect
     * uniformity.<p>
     *
     * This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element
     * up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into
     * the "current position".  Elements are randomly selected from the
     * portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current
     * position, inclusive.<p>
     *
     * This method runs in linear time.  If the specified list does not
     * implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large, this
     * implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling
     * it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list.  This avoids the
     * quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential
     * access" list in place.
     *
     * @param  list the list to be shuffled.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified list or
     *         its list-iterator does not support the <tt>set</tt> operation.
     */
    public static void shuffle(List<?> list) {
        if (r == null) {
            r = new Random();
        }
        shuffle(list, r);
    }
    private static Random r;

java.util.Random

  /**
     * Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of
     * randomness.  All permutations occur with equal likelihood
     * assuming that the source of randomness is fair.<p>
     *
     * This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element
     * up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into
     * the "current position".  Elements are randomly selected from the
     * portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current
     * position, inclusive.<p>
     *
     * This method runs in linear time.  If the specified list does not
     * implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large, this
     * implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling
     * it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list.  This avoids the
     * quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential
     * access" list in place.
     *
     * @param  list the list to be shuffled.
     * @param  rnd the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified list or its
     *         list-iterator does not support the <tt>set</tt> operation.
     */
    public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd) {
        int size = list.size();
        if (size < SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {
            for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
                swap(list, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));
        } else {
            Object arr[] = list.toArray();

            // Shuffle array
            for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
                swap(arr, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));

            // Dump array back into list
            ListIterator it = list.listIterator();
            for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
                it.next();
                it.set(arr[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    private static final int SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD        =    5;

    /**
     * Swaps the elements at the specified positions in the specified list.
     * (If the specified positions are equal, invoking this method leaves
     * the list unchanged.)
     *
     * @param list The list in which to swap elements.
     * @param i the index of one element to be swapped.
     * @param j the index of the other element to be swapped.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if either <tt>i</tt> or <tt>j</tt>
     *         is out of range (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= list.size()
     *         || j &lt; 0 || j &gt;= list.size()).
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j) {
    final List l = list; //这一步有什么用
    l.set(i, l.set(j, l.get(i)));
    }

java.util.List
@org.intellij.lang.annotations.Flow(sourceIsContainer=true)
public abstract E set(int index,
                      @org.intellij.lang.annotations.Flow(targetIsContainer=true) E element)
Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element (optional operation).
Parameters:
index - index of the element to replace
element - element to be stored at the specified position
Returns:
the element previously at the specified position

    /**
     * Swaps the two specified elements in the specified array.
     */
    private static void swap(Object[] arr, int i, int j) {
        Object tmp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = tmp;
    }

这里假设集合List由四个元素List1、List2、List3和List4组成，当使用语句Iterator it = List.Iterator()时，迭代器it指向的位置是上图中Iterator1指向的位置，当执行语句it.next()之后，迭代器指向的位置后移到上图Iterator2所指向的位置。

首先看一下Iterator和ListIterator迭代器的方法有哪些。

Iterator迭代器包含的方法有：

hasNext()：如果迭代器指向位置后面还有元素，则返回 true，否则返回false

next()：返回集合中Iterator指向位置后面的元素

remove()：删除集合中Iterator指向位置后面的元素

ListIterator迭代器包含的方法有：

add(E e): 将指定的元素插入列表，插入位置为迭代器当前位置之前

hasNext()：以正向遍历列表时，如果列表迭代器后面还有元素，则返回 true，否则返回false

hasPrevious():如果以逆向遍历列表，列表迭代器前面还有元素，则返回 true，否则返回false

next()：返回列表中ListIterator指向位置后面的元素

nextIndex():返回列表中ListIterator所需位置后面元素的索引

previous():返回列表中ListIterator指向位置前面的元素

previousIndex()：返回列表中ListIterator所需位置前面元素的索引

remove():从列表中删除next()或previous()返回的最后一个元素（有点拗口，意思就是对迭代器使用hasNext()方法时，删除ListIterator指向位置后面的元素；当对迭代器使用hasPrevious()方法时，删除ListIterator指向位置前面的元素）

set(E e)：从列表中将next()或previous()返回的最后一个元素返回的最后一个元素更改为指定元素e

一．相同点

都是迭代器，当需要对集合中元素进行遍历不需要干涉其遍历过程时，这两种迭代器都可以使用。

二．不同点

1.使用范围不同，Iterator可以应用于所有的集合，Set、List和Map和这些集合的子类型。而ListIterator只能用于List及其子类型。

2.ListIterator有add方法，可以向List中添加对象，而Iterator不能。

3.ListIterator和Iterator都有hasNext()和next()方法，可以实现顺序向后遍历，但是ListIterator有hasPrevious()和previous()方法，可以实现逆向（顺序向前）遍历。Iterator不可以。

4.ListIterator可以定位当前索引的位置，nextIndex()和previousIndex()可以实现。Iterator没有此功能。

5.都可实现删除操作，但是ListIterator可以实现对象的修改，set()方法可以实现。Iterator仅能遍历，不能修改。

三：Iterator和ListIterator用法示例

ListIterator用法：

package com.collection;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;

public class ListIteratorTest {

 public static void main(String[] args) {

  List<String> staff = new LinkedList<>();
  staff.add("zhuwei");
  staff.add("xuezhangbin");
  staff.add("taozhiwei");
  ListIterator<String> iter = staff.listIterator();
  String first = iter.next();

  //删除zhuwei
  iter.remove();

  //把zhuwei改为simei
  //iter.set("simei");
  System.out.println("first:"+first);

  iter.add("xiaobai");

  //遍历List元素
  System.out.println("遍历List中元素，方法一：");
  for(String str : staff)
   System.out.println(str+"  ");

  iter = staff.listIterator();
  System.out.println("遍历List中元素，方法二：");
  while(iter.hasNext())
  {
   System.out.println(iter.next());
  }
 }

}

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