Linux学习-基于CentOS7的LAMP环境实现多虚拟主机

一、实验环境

　系统：CentOS7.6

　主机：两台(一台也可以)，一台实现apache+php-fpm (192.168.214.17)，一台实现mysql服务器 (192.168.214.27)

　软件包：

　　Apache：httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2，apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2，apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

　　PHP：php-7.3.7.tar.xz

　　MySQL：mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz （二进制包）

　　web网站：Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip，wordpress-5.2.2.tar.gz

　　虚拟主机配置：forum.abcdef.com (论坛域名对应Discuz)，blog.abcdef.com (博客域名对应wordpress)

二、实验步骤

1、实现MySQL服务器(192.168.214.27)

　(1) 准备安装包　

[root@centos7- ~]# ll /data

total

-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : mariadb-10.2.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

　(2) 新建mysql用户与数据目录

[root@centos7- ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql

[root@centos7- ~]# mkdir /data/mysql

[root@centos7- ~]# chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

　(3) 准备二进制程序

[root@centos7- data]# cd /data/

[root@centos7- data]# tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@centos7- data]# cd /usr/local/

[root@centos7- local]# ln -s mariadb-10.2.-linux-x86_64/ mysql

[root@centos7- local]# chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/mysql

　(4) 准备配置文件

[root@centos7- local]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@centos7- mysql]# mkdir /etc/mysql

[root@centos7- mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[root@centos7- mysql]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

#在[mysqld]下添加以下三项

datadir         = /data/mysql

innodb_file_per_table = on

skip_name_resolve = on
#以下项非必需，建议添加，设置服务器端字符集
character_set_server = utf8mb4

　(5) 初始化数据库，生成数据库文件

[root@centos7- mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

　(6) 准备服务脚本，并启动服务

[root@centos7- mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@centos7- mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@centos7- mysql]# service mysqld start

Starting mysqld (via systemctl):                           [  OK  ]

　(7) 配置PATH变量

[root@centos7- mysql]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

[root@centos7- mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

　(8) 安全加固，以上安装后数据库是没有密码的，可以使用安全初始化脚本修改密码

[root@centos7- mysql]# mysql_secure_installation

2、编译安装httpd (192.168.214.17)

　(1) 准备安装包

[root@centos7- data]# cd /data

[root@centos7- data]# ls -lh *.bz2

-rw-r--r--  root root 852K Dec  : apr-1.7..tar.bz2

-rw-r--r--  root root 419K Dec  : apr-util-1.6..tar.bz2

-rw-r--r--  root root 6.8M Dec  : httpd-2.4..tar.bz2

　(2) 解压源码包，并将 apr 和 apr-util 复制到 httpd 解压包中一起进行编译，当然也可以单独编译

[root@centos7- data]# tar -jxvf apr-1.7..tar.bz2

[root@centos7- data]# tar -jxvf apr-util-1.6..tar.bz2

[root@centos7- data]# tar -jxvf httpd-2.4..tar.bz2

[root@centos7- data]# mv apr-1.7. httpd-2.4./srclib/apr

[root@centos7- data]# mv apr-util-1.6. httpd-2.4./srclib/apr-util

　(3) 安装相关所需包(光盘yum源)

[root@centos7- data]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo

[development]

name=dvdbase repo

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/

enabled=

gpgcheck=

gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@centos7- data]# yum install -y gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel expat-devel

　(4) 开始编译安装

[root@centos7- data]# cd httpd-2.4./

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# ./configure \

> --prefix=/app/httpd24 \

> --enable-so \

> --enable-ssl \

> --enable-cgi \

> --enable-rewrite \

> --with-zlib \

> --with-pcre \

> --with-included-apr \

> --enable-modules=most \

> --enable-mpms-shared=all \

> --with-mpm=prefork

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# make && make install

./configure \

--prefix=/app/httpd24 \

--enable-so \

--enable-ssl \

--enable-cgi \

--enable-rewrite \

--with-zlib \

--with-pcre \

--with-included-apr \

--enable-modules=most \

--enable-mpms-shared=all \

--with-mpm=prefork

编译代码

　(5) 创建apache用户并修改配置文件中的启动时所用的用户和组，配置文件中默认的用户和组都为 daemon

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf
#找到以下两项，修改用户和组为apache

user apache

group apache

　(6) 配置PATH变量并启动测试

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# echo 'PATH=/app/httpd24/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/http24.sh

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# . /etc/profile.d/http24.sh

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# apachectl  start

[root@centos7- httpd-2.4.]# curl http://192.168.214.17

#测试访问，可以看到可以了

<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

　附：httpd 通过 systemctl 命令的启动脚本制作，根据光盘 yum 源安装的 httpd-2.4.6 包中的 httpd.service 文件修改的

[root@centos7- data]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service

[Unit]

Description=The Apache HTTP Server

After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

Documentation=man:httpd()

Documentation=man:apachectl()

[Service]

#Type=notify

Type=forking  #修改此处

#EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/httpd    #注释此项

#ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND

ExecStart=/app/httpd24/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k start    #修改此处

ExecReload=/app/http24/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful

#ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID}

ExecStop=/app/httpd24/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k stop    #修改此处

# We want systemd to give httpd some time to finish gracefully, but still want

# it to kill httpd after TimeoutStopSec if something went wrong during the

# graceful stop. Normally, Systemd sends SIGTERM signal right after the

# ExecStop, which would kill httpd. We are sending useless SIGCONT here to give

# httpd time to finish.

KillSignal=SIGCONT

PrivateTmp=true

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@centos7- data]# systemctl start httpd

[root@centos7- data]# systemctl stop httpd

[root@centos7- data]# systemctl restart httpd

3、编译安装php-fpm (192.168.214.17)

　(1) 准备安装包

[root@centos7- ~]# cd /data

[root@centos7- data]# ls -l php-7.3..tar.bz2

-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : php-7.3..tar.bz2

　(2) 安装相关所需包(光盘yum源与EPEL源)

[root@centos7- data]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo

[development] #光盘源也可用阿里云的yum源

name=dvdbase repo

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/

enabled=

gpgcheck=

gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[aliyunEpel] #epel源

name=aliyun epel

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch

enabled=

gpgcheck=

gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever

[root@centos7- data]# yum install libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel

#libmcrypt相关包依赖epel源

　(3) 解压源码包，并进行编译安装

[root@centos7- data]# tar -jxvf php-7.3..tar.bz2

[root@centos7- data]# cd php-7.3./

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# ./configure --prefix=/app/php \

> --enable-mysqlnd \

> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \

> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \

> --with-openssl \

> --with-freetype-dir \

> --with-jpeg-dir \

> --with-png-dir \

> --with-zlib \

> --with-libxml-dir=/usr \

> --with-config-file-path=/etc \

> --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \

> --enable-mbstring \

> --enable-xml \

> --enable-sockets \

> --enable-fpm \

> --enable-maintainer-zts \

> --disable-fileinfo

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# make && make install

./configure --prefix=/app/php \

--enable-mysqlnd \

--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \

--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \

--with-openssl \

--with-freetype-dir \

--with-jpeg-dir \

--with-png-dir \

--with-zlib \

--with-libxml-dir=/usr \

--with-config-file-path=/etc \

--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \

--enable-mbstring \

--enable-xml \

--enable-sockets \

--enable-fpm \

--enable-maintainer-zts \

--disable-fileinfo

编译代码

　(4) 准备配置文件，并修改 www.conf 配置文件中启动用户与组为 apache，默认用户与组为 nobody

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# cd /app/php/etc/

[root@centos7- etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

[root@centos7- etc]# cd php-fpm.d/

[root@centos7- php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf

[root@centos7- php-fpm.d]# vim www.conf

#找到以下两项，将nobody改为apache

user = apache

group = apache

　(5) 准备服务启动脚本，并启动 php-fpm 服务

[root@centos7- php-fpm.d]# cd /data/php-7.3./

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# chkconfig --add php-fpm

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# service php-fpm start

Starting php-fpm  done

[root@centos7- php-7.3.]# ss -nlt|grep   #可以看到9000端口已经启动

LISTEN               127.0.0.1:                     *:*

4、配置 httpd 配置文件，让其支持 php

　(1) 修改 http.conf 文件，

[root@centos7-17 ~]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf

#取消下面两个模块的注释

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so

LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

#修改下面行，添加 index.php

<IfModule dir_module>

    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

</IfModule>

#添加以下行

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

ProxyRequests Off

#以下这行如果是单主机是必需加的，但我们要什么多虚拟主机，到时到虚拟主机配置中加即可

#ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/app/httpd24/htdocs/$1

5、配置网站

　(1) 在/app/httpd24/htdocs/ 创建多虚拟主机所需文件夹

[root@centos7- ~]# mkdir -v /app/httpd24/htdocs/{wordpress,discuz}

mkdir: created directory ‘/app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress’

mkdir: created directory ‘/app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz’

　(2) 继续在 http.conf 文件中添加多虚拟主机设置

[root@centos7- ~]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf

<VirtualHost *:>

ServerName blog.abcdef.com

DocumentRoot /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress

CustomLog logs/blog.access_log combined  #访问日志

ErrorLog logs/blog.error_log    #错误日志

LogLevel warn   #日志级别

<Directory /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress>

Options none

Require all granted

</Directory>

ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress/$1

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:>

ServerName forum.abcdef.com

DocumentRoot /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz

CustomLog logs/forum.access_log combined

ErrorLog logs/forum.error_log

LogLevel warn

<Directory /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz>

Options none

Require all granted

</Directory>

ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz/$1

</VirtualHost>

　(3) 重新启动 httpd 服务

[root@centos7- ~]# apachectl restart

　(4) 准备网站源码，并在源码目录给 apache 用户设置访问控制权限

[root@centos7- data]# ll Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip wordpress-5.2..tar.gz

-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip

-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : wordpress-5.2..tar.gz

[root@centos7- data]# tar -xvf wordpress-5.2..tar.gz

[root@centos7- data]# unzip Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip

[root@centos7- data]# cp -r wordpress/* /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress/

[root@centos7-17 data]# cp -r upload/* /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz/

#设置apache用户的ACL权限，以便在网站安装时有权限读写文件

[root@centos7-17 data]# setfacl -Rm u:apache:rwx /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress

[root@centos7-17 data]# setfacl -Rm u:apache:rwx /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz

　(5) 在数据库服务器上 (192.168.214.27)，创建数据库及连接数据库的用户

[root@centos7-27 mysql]# mysql

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 11

Server version: 10.2.25-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database discuz;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordpress.* to 'wpuser'@'192.168.214.%' identified by 'centos';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on discuz.* to 'dsuser'@'192.168.214.%' identified by 'centos7' ;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

　(6) 设置 hosts 文件，使域名可以解析到主机，在 hosts 文件中添加一行（如果利用Linux图形桌面上的浏览器进行网站安装，hosts文件为 /etc/hosts，如果是用windows安装，则host文件路径为 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc ）

　　　192.168.214.17 blog.abcdef.com forum.abcdef.com

　(7) 安装网站即可，利用浏览器安装，输出相应域名，根据安装向导安装即可

　　blog.abcdef.com域名访问如图，一步步安装即可

　　forum.abcdef.com域名访问如下图，一步步安装即可