gdb 调试PHP

扩展编译好用，通过php编码测试报“段错误",如果是c语言都是用gdb进行设置，那php扩展要如何进行调试呢？搜索了下，虽然是php扩展但是core是php 的core不是单个so扩展的coredump

这里使用ulimit -c unlimited来开启core文件，使用gdb来对core文件进行调试演示一下。

 

root@debian:~/php# php a.php 
段错误
root@debian:~/php# ulimit -c unlimited
root@debian:~/php# php a.php
段错误 (core dumped)
root@debian:~/php# ls
a.php  core
root@debian:~/php# apt-get install gdb
root@debian:~/php# gdb php -c core
Core was generated by `php a.php'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
#0  0xb6a7bfb8 in zif_smtpmail_connect (ht=5, return_value=0xb6f149dc, return_value_ptr=0x0, this_ptr=0x0, return_value_used=1) at /root/php/php-5.4.7/ext/smtpmail/smtpmail.c:281
281             if(strcmp(substring(lastmessage, 1, 3), hen) !=0 || strlen(lastmessage)==0) {
(gdb) 

(gdb) source ./php-5.4.7/.gdbinit
(gdb) zbacktrace
[0xb6efb030] smtpmail_connect("smtp.qq.com", "xxxx", "xxx", "xxxx@qq.com", 25) /root/php/a.php:5 

PHP的代码包中提供了一个 .gdbinit 的gdb脚本文件，里面提供了20多个 gdb 的自定义命令，用于方便PHP的调试，下面举几个例子：
测试脚本a.php：

<?php
$a = "AAA";
$b = "BBB";
test("phpor");
function test($name) {
$m = "MMM";
$n = "NNN";
sleep(1);
echo$name;
}

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<?php $a = "AAA"; $b = "BBB"; test("phpor"); function test($name) {         $m = "MMM";         $n = "NNN";         sleep(1);         echo$name; }

gdb 调试命令：
———————–
gdb php
set args a.php
break sleep
r
…
———————–

1. print_cvs 打印当前执行环境中已编译的PHP变量， 如：

(gdb) print_cvs
Compiled variables count: 3
0 = name
[0x9543f7c] (refcount=2) string(5): "phpor"
1 = m
[0x9543f98] (refcount=1) string(3): "MMM"
2 = n
[0x9543fb4] (refcount=1) string(3): "NNN"
(gdb)

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(gdb) print_cvs Compiled variables count: 3 0 = name [0x9543f7c] (refcount=2) string(5): "phpor" 1 = m [0x9543f98] (refcount=1) string(3): "MMM" 2 = n [0x9543fb4] (refcount=1) string(3): "NNN" (gdb)

2. printzv 打印指定的PHP变量， 需要指定地址， 如：
(gdb) printzv 0x9543f98
[0x9543f98] (refcount=1) string(3): “MMM”
(gdb)

3. 打印PHP的函数调用栈， 如：
(gdb) zbacktrace
[0x95770a4] sleep(1) /usr/home/junjie2/a.php:11
[0x9576fe0] test(“phpor”) /usr/home/junjie2/a.php:7
(gdb)

4. print_ft 打印函数表（ HashTable ）
(gdb) set $eg = executor_globals
(gdb) print $eg.function_table  
$6 = (HashTable *) 0xa5bd450
(gdb) print_ft $eg.function_table
[0xa5bd450] {
“zend_version\0″ => “zend_version”
“func_num_args\0″ => “func_num_args”
“func_get_arg\0″ => “func_get_arg”
“func_get_args\0″ => “func_get_args”
“strlen\0″ => “strlen”
“strcmp\0″ => “strcmp”
“strncmp\0″ => “strncmp”
“strcasecmp\0″ => “strcasecmp”
“strncasecmp\0″ => “strncasecmp”
“each\0″ => “each”
…

学习：
1. 通过阅读 print_cvs 命令的实现，可以知道可以通过prev_execute_data来打印上一执行空间的PHP变量，如：
(gdb) printzv *executor_globals.current_execute_data->prev_execute_data->CVs[1]  
[0x9543408] (refcount=1) string(3): “AAA”
(gdb) printzv *executor_globals.current_execute_data->prev_execute_data->CVs[2]  
[0x95433ec] (refcount=1) string(3): “BBB”
(gdb)

2. 通过 op_array->vars 来找到对应的变量的名字
(gdb) printf “%s\n” ,executor_globals.current_execute_data->prev_execute_data->op_array->vars[1].name  
a
(gdb) printf “%s\n” ,executor_globals.current_execute_data->prev_execute_data->op_array->vars[2].name  
b

3. 修改了一下 print_cvs 命令，通过参数来获取每个执行空间的PHP的已编译变量

使用方法：
———————
(gdb) zbacktrace  #查看PHP的调用栈
[0x8ce2078] sleep(1) /usr/home/junjie2/a.php:9
[0x8ce1fe0] test(“phpor”) /usr/home/junjie2/a.php:5
(gdb) print_cvs #查看当前执行空间中的PHP变量
Compiled variables count: 3
0 = name
[0x8cae3d0] (refcount=2) string(5): “phpor”
1 = m
[0x8cae93c] (refcount=1) string(3): “MMM”
2 = n
[0x8cae958] (refcount=1) string(3): “NNN”
(gdb) print_cvs 2 # 查看指定执行空间中的PHP变量， 这个参数给大了也没关系，最多打印最外层的PHP变量
Compiled variables count: 2
0 = a
[0x8cae408] (refcount=1) string(3): “AAA”
1 = b
[0x8cae3ec] (refcount=1) string(3): “BBB”
(gdb)
———————

4. 有时候需要借助环境变量，如：
(gdb) print_ft (HashTable *)0xa5bd450
A syntax error in expression, near `’.
(gdb) set $phpor=(HashTable *)0xa5bd450
(gdb) print_ft $phpor
[0xa5bd450] {
“zend_version\0″ => “zend_version”
“func_num_args\0″ => “func_num_args”
“func_get_arg\0″ => “func_get_arg”
“func_get_args\0″ => “func_get_args”
“strlen\0″ => “strlen”
“strcmp\0″ => “strcmp”
“strncmp\0″ => “strncmp”

5. 打印指定的PHP变量

define print_pval
____executor_globals
set $p = $eg.current_execute_data.CVs
set $c = $eg.current_execute_data.op_array.last_var
set $v = $eg.current_execute_data.op_array.vars
set $i = 0
set $name = $arg0

#printf "search php var: %s c:%d\n", $name, $c
while $i < $c
#printf "name: %s\n", $name
set $n = $v[$i].name
# use strcmp but ==
if strcmp($n, $name) == 0
if $p[$i] != 0
printzv *$p[$i]
# use loop_break but break
loop_break
end
end
#printf "i %d, %s\n", $i, $v[$i].name
set $i = $i + 1
end
if $i == $c
printf "no found var named: %s\n", $name
end
end

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define print_pval     ____executor_globals     set $p = $eg.current_execute_data.CVs     set $c = $eg.current_execute_data.op_array.last_var     set $v = $eg.current_execute_data.op_array.vars     set $i = 0     set $name = $arg0       #printf "search php var: %s c:%d\n", $name, $c     while $i < $c         #printf "name: %s\n", $name         set $n = $v[$i].name         # use strcmp but ==         if strcmp($n, $name) == 0             if $p[$i] != 0                 printzv *$p[$i]                 # use loop_break but break                 loop_break             end             end             #printf "i %d, %s\n", $i, $v[$i].name         set $i = $i + 1     end     if $i == $c         printf "no found var named: %s\n", $name     end end