python读写Excel文件的函数--使用xlrd/xlwt

python中读取Excel的模块或者说工具有很多，如以下几种：

Packages	文档下载	说明
openpyxl	Download | Documentation | Bitbucket	The recommended package for reading and writing Excel 2010 files (ie: .xlsx)
xlsxwriter	Download | Documentation | GitHub	An alternative package for writing data, formatting information, in particular, charts in the Excel 2010 format (ie: .xlsx)
xlrd	Download | Documentation | GitHub	This package is for reading data and formatting information from older Excel files (ie: .xls)
xlwt	Download | Documentation | GitHub	This package is for writing data and formatting information to older Excel files (ie: .xls)
xlutils	Download | Documentation | GitHub	This package collects utilities that require both xlrd and xlwt, including the ability to copy and modify or filter existing excel files.
python-xlsx	Download | Documentation | GitHub	This package is for creating and modifying Microsoft Excel .xlsx files from Office 2007 and later.
pyExcelerator	Download | Sourceforge	Generating Excel 97+ files with Python 2.4+ (need decorators), importing Excel 95+ files

关于上面几种工具的优缺点对比分析，可以参考博文《用Python读写Excel文件》，文章有详细的说明。

虽然上面比较推荐的工具是openpyxl，但是由于其不支持xls，还是决定使用xlrd/xlwt来实现Excel的导入导出。

在使用前，请确保已安装xlrd/xlwt模块，可使用Pip进行安装；另导出数据到Excel有用到Django(输出浏览器时)，可安装引入模块或者注释掉相关代码。

 import xlrd
 import xlwt
 from datetime import date,datetime
 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpRequest

具体实现如下：

 '''
 # 读取Excel数据
 #
 # 参数:
 #         file_name    : xls文件，含路径
 #         col_list    : 读取数据后对应的列字段，如: ['id' , 'name' , 'value']
 # 返回: List
 '''
 def readExcel(file_name , col_list):
     # 判断文件是否存在，以及是否以xls后缀
     if not os.path.isfile(file_name) or os.path.basename(file_name).split('.')[1] != 'xls':
         return returnInfo(-1 , 'file is not valid')

     try:
         # 打开Excel文件
         curBook = xlrd.open_workbook(file_name)

         # 获取Sheet表, Sheet索引起始为0.
         sheet1 = curBook.sheet_by_index(0)

         # 或者，通过Sheet名称获取相应的Sheet
         #sheet1_name = curBook.sheet_names()[0]
         #sheet1 = curBook.sheet_by_name(sheet1_name)

         # 获取Sheet行数
         rowNum = sheet1.nrows
         # 获取Sheet列数
         #colNum = sheet1.ncols
         # 此处，以实际接受的字段为准
         colNum = len(col_list)

         # 用于接收数据
         dataList = []

         # 默认从第二行开始读取，第一行为列标题
         '''
             # 读取单元格的值 : A2
             sheet1.cell(1,0).value
             sheet1.cell_value(rowx=1, colx=0)
             sheet1.row(1)[0].value.encode('utf-8')

             # 单元格的类型
             # ctype : 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
             sheet1.cell(1,0).ctype
         '''

         # 循环读取行数据
         for i in range(1 , rowNum):
             curRow = {}
             # 读取行内各列
             for j in range(colNum):
                 #
                 if sheet1.cell(i,j).ctype == 3:
                     # 如果单元格的数据为日期类型，读取后得到是浮点数；此处进行格式化处理
                     date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(sheet1.cell_value(i,j),curBook.datemode)
                     curRow[col_list[j]] = date(*date_value[:3]).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
                 else:
                     curRow[col_list[j]] = sheet1.cell(i,j).value
             # 行数据保存到list
             dataList.append(curRow)

     # 异常处理
     except Exception as e:
         print('Error:', e)
         return returnInfo(-1 , 'file read failed')

     return returnInfo(0 , 'success' , dataList)

 '''
 # 写入数据到Excel
 #
 # 参数:
 #         dataList    : 数据列表，如[{'id':1,'name':'ice cream','value':66},...]
 #         file_title    : 文件标题
 #         col_list    : 列字段及列标题，如: [['id','序号'],['name','名称'],...]
 #         isSave        : 是否保存到指定路径；否表示输出到浏览器
 #         savePath    : 保存路径
 # 返回: Mixed
 '''
 def writeExcel(dataList , file_title , col_list , isSave = False , savePath = ''):
     # 添加后缀，指定文件的名称
     fileName = file_title + time.strftime("_%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime()) + '.xls'

     try:
         # 创建workbook对象
         curBook = xlwt.Workbook()
         # 设定编码
         curBook.encoding='gbk'
         # 添加Sheet表；其中cell_overwrite_ok，表示是否可以覆盖单元格
         sheet1 = curBook.add_sheet(u'sheet1',cell_overwrite_ok = True)

         # 行数
         rowNum = len(dataList)
         # 列数
         colNum = len(col_list)

         # 第一行，合并单元格，设定文件标题
         # write_merge(x, x + h, y, y + w, string, style)，x表示行，y表示列，h表示跨行个数，w表示跨列个数
         sheet1.write_merge(0 , 0 , 0 , colNum-1 , file_title , set_style('华文中宋',320))

         # 第二行，设定列标题
         colTitleStyle = set_style('华文宋体',240)
         for k in range(0,colNum):
             sheet1.write(1 , k , col_list[k][1] , colTitleStyle)

         # 第三行起，开始写入数据
         for i in range(0,rowNum):
             for j in range(0,colNum):
                 sheet1.write(i+2 , j , dataList[i][col_list[j][0]])

         if isSave:
             # 如保存xls到路径
             full_filename = os.path.join(savePath , fileName)
             # 执行保存
             curBook.save(full_filename)
             return returnInfo()
         else:
             # 否则输出到浏览器
             response = HttpResponse(content_type='application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf-8;name="' + file_title + '.xls"')
             response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=' + fileName
             # 保存返回
             curBook.save(response)
             return response
     # 异常处理
     except Exception as e:
         print('Error:', e)
         return returnInfo(-1 , 'data export failed')

 '''
 # 设定样式
 #
 # 参数:
 #         font_name    : 字体
 #         font_height    : 字体大小，注：20 = 1pt
 #         font_bold    : 字体是否加粗
 #         border        : 是否设置边框
 # 返回: Style
 '''
 def set_style(font_name = 'Times New Roman' , font_height = 220 , font_bold = False , border = False):
     # 初始化Style
     style = xlwt.XFStyle() 

     # 设定字体样式
     font = xlwt.Font()
     font.name = font_name
     font.color_index = 4
     font.height = font_height #
     font.bold = font_bold
     style.font = font

     # 设定边框属性
     if border:
         borders= xlwt.Borders()
         borders.left= 1
         borders.right= 1
         borders.top= 1
         borders.bottom= 1
         style.borders = borders

     # 居中对齐，'general': 0 , 'left': 1 , 'centre': 2 , 'right': 3, ...
     style.alignment.horz = 2
     # 水平对齐，HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, ...
     # 竖直对齐，VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, ...
     #style.alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
     #style.alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER

     # 设置背景颜色
     #pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
     #pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
     #pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5
     #style.pattern = pattern

     # 其他，可参见xlwt源码

     # 或者使用easyxf
     #style0 = xlwt.easyxf('font: name Times New Roman, color-index red, bold on' , num_format_str='#,##0.00')

     # 返回样式
     return style