6.python字符串-内置方法列举

　　所谓内置方法，就是凡是字符串都能用的方法，这个方法在创建字符串的类中，下面是总结：

　　首先，我们要学习一个获取帮助的内置函数 help(对象) ，对象可以是一个我们创建出来的，也可以是创建对象的那个类，类也是一个对象，被称为类对象。

　　当我们进入解释器的交互模式中输入以下代码时：

help(str)

　　其中，str就是创建字符串的类，然后我们就会得到一长串的结果：

Help on class str in module __builtin__:

class str(basestring)
 |  str(object='') -> string
 |
 |  Return a nice string representation of the object.
 |  If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
 |
 |  Method resolution order:
 |      str
 |      basestring
 |      object
 |
 |  Methods defined here:
 |
 |  __add__(...)
 |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y　　#字符串拼接，看+号就知道
 |
 |  __contains__(...)
 |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x　　#判断x里字符是否在y里
 |
 |  __eq__(...)
 |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y　　
 |
 |  __format__(...)
 |      S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
 |
 |      Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
 |
 |  __ge__(...)
 |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
 |
 |  __getattribute__(...)
 |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name　　#获取属性
 |
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]　　#索引取值，详情参考python中的序列
 |
 |  __getnewargs__(...)
 |
 |  __getslice__(...)
 |      x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]　　#切片，也是序列的一种方法
 |
 |      Use of negative indices is not supported.
 |
 |  __gt__(...)
 |      x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
 |
 |  __hash__(...)
 |      x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)　　
 |
 |  __le__(...)
 |      x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
 |
 |  __len__(...)
 |      x.__len__() <==> len(x)
 |
 |  __lt__(...)
 |      x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
 |
 |  __mod__(...)
 |      x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y
 |
 |  __mul__(...)
 |      x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
 |
 |  __ne__(...)
 |      x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
 |
 |  __repr__(...)
 |      x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
 |
 |  __rmod__(...)
 |      x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x
 |
 |  __rmul__(...)
 |      x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
 |
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes　　#用字节表示在内存中的大小
 |
 |  __str__(...)
 |      x.__str__() <==> str(x)
 |
 |  capitalize(...)
 |      S.capitalize() -> string
 |      '''返回首字母大写字符串副本,对中文无效'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
 |      capitalized.
 |
 |  center(...)
 |      S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string
 |      '''返回指定宽度（width）的字符串副本，原字符串居中对齐，可指定用什么来填充多余部分（fillchar）默认为空格，关于对齐和填充可以看上篇博文的解释'''
 |      Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
 |      done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
 |
 |  count(...)
 |      S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
 |      '''计数器，返回给定字符串在原字符串出现的次数，也可指定范围'''
 |      Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
 |      string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
 |      as in slice notation.
 |
 |  decode(...)
 |      S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
 |      '''解码，将字符串解码成某种字符集'''
 |      Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
 |      to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
 |      handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
 |      a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
 |      as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
 |      able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
 |
 |  encode(...)
 |      S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
 |      '''编码,将字符串编码'''
 |      Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
 |      to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
 |      handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
 |      a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
 |      'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
 |      codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
 |
 |  endswith(...)
 |      S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串在某范围内(范围用索引指定,不指定默认是整个字符串)是否以指定的字符串(suffix)结尾,返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
 |      With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
 |      With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
 |      suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
 |
 |  expandtabs(...)
 |      S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string
 |      '''将字符串里的制表符(一般用tab建输入,也可以手动使用特殊字符 \t )转换成空格,默认一个制表符转换成8个空格,也可以指定个数(tabsize),并返回一个转换后的副本'''
 |      Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
 |      If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
 |
 |  find(...)
 |      S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
 |      '''在原字符串一定范围内,寻找给定的字符串,找到了返回第一个被找到的字符的索引值,没找到就返回-1'''
 |      Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
 |      such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
 |      arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
 |
 |      Return -1 on failure.
 |
 |  format(...)
 |      S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
 |      '''字符串格式化（比%s更为高级，需要的话自行去了解），(*args, **kwargs)是处理函数传参的一种方式，以后继续讲'''
 |      Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
 |      The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
 |
 |  index(...)
 |      S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
 |      '''和S.find()作用一样，只不过没找到时会报错'''
 |      Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
 |
 |  isalnum(...)
 |      S.isalnum() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串内是否由字母和数字组成，返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
 |      and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
 |
 |  isalpha(...)
 |      S.isalpha() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串是否全是由字母组成，返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
 |      and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
 |
 |  isdigit(...)
 |      S.isdigit() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串是否全是由数字组成，返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if all characters in S are digits
 |      and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
 |
 |  islower(...)
 |      S.islower() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串里的所有字母是否都是小写，当然，前提是字符串里面最少有一个字母，返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
 |      at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
 |
 |  isspace(...)
 |      S.isspace() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串是否都是由空白字符组成（空格），当然，前提是字符串里面最少有一个空格，返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
 |      and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
 |
 |  istitle(...)
 |      S.istitle() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串是否是标题，而标题的标准就是所有单词的首字母都是大写，其他的都是小写，返回布尔值'''
 |      Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
 |      character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
 |      characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
 |      otherwise.
 |
 |  isupper(...)
 |      S.isupper() -> bool
 |      '''判断字符串里的所有字母是否都是大写，和小写对应'''
 |      Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
 |      at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
 |
 |  join(...)
 |      S.join(iterable) -> string
 |      '''字符串的拼接，详情看我前面的博文'''
 |      Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
 |      iterable.  The separator between elements is S.
 |
 |  ljust(...)
 |      S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
 |      '''左对齐，关于对齐和填充可以看我上篇博文'''
 |      Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
 |      done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
 |
 |  lower(...)
 |      S.lower() -> string
 |      '''返回一个全是小写的字符串副本'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
 |
 |  lstrip(...)
 |      S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
 |      '''和strip类似，不过只去除左边的空格，可以指定字符'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
 |      If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
 |      If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
 |
 |  partition(...)
 |      S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
 |      '''和 split 的分隔类似，但返回的是元祖，不过 split 不过保留给定字符，translate 则会保留，并放在中间，没找到则前后为空'''
 |      Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
 |      the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not
 |      found, return S and two empty strings.
 |
 |  replace(...)
 |      S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string
 |      '''替换，用新的字符串（new），替换原字符串里有的老字符串（old），用 count 指定替换的次数，不指定则全部替换'''
 |      Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
 |      old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is
 |      given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
 |
 |  rfind(...)
 |      S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
 |      '''和S.find()作用类似，不过寻找方向是从右向左'''
 |      Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
 |      such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
 |      arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
 |
 |      Return -1 on failure.
 |
 |  rindex(...)
 |      S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
 |      '''和S.index()作用类似，不过寻找方向是从右向左'''
 |      Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
 |
 |  rjust(...)
 |      S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
 |      '''右对齐'''
 |      Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
 |      done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
 |
 |  rpartition(...)
 |      S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
 |      '''partition 的右边操作版本'''
 |      Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
 |      the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the
 |      separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
 |
 |  rsplit(...)
 |      S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
 |      '''split 的右边操作版，要设置了 maxsplit 才能体现，否则都是全部分隔'''
 |      Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
 |      delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
 |      to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
 |      done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
 |      is a separator.
 |
 |  rstrip(...)
 |      S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
 |      '''和strip类似，不过只去除右边的空格，可以指定字符'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
 |      If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
 |      If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
 |
 |  split(...)
 |      S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
 |      '''按照给定的字符进行分割（从左边开始，找到的第一个），返回一个分割由后剩下的字符串组成的列表（不保留sep），
 |　　　　　 maxsplit 指定最大分割次数，否则凡是出现指定的分隔符都会分隔'''
 |      Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
 |      delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
 |      splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
 |      whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
 |      from the result.
 |
 |  splitlines(...)
 |      S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings
 |      '''根据换行符分割'''
 |      Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
 |      Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
 |      is given and true.
 |
 |  startswith(...)
 |      S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
 |      '''判断是否已指定字符串开头，与上面的结尾判断相对应'''
 |      Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
 |      With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
 |      With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
 |      prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
 |
 |  strip(...)
 |      S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode
 |      '''与 center 的填充相反，这里是移除两边的填充，同样也可以指定移除填充的字符，默认是空格，和 center 类似'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
 |      whitespace removed.
 |      If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
 |      If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
 |
 |  swapcase(...)
 |      S.swapcase() -> string
 |      '''返回一个翻转原字符串字母大小写后的副本'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
 |      converted to lowercase and vice versa.
 |
 |  title(...)
 |      S.title() -> string
 |      '''将字符串转换为标题格式'''
 |      Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
 |      characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
 |
 |  translate(...)
 |      S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
 |      '''根据参数table给出的表(翻译表，翻译表是通过maketrans方法转换而来)转换字符串的字符, 要过滤掉的字符放到 del 参数中'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
 |      in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
 |      remaining characters have been mapped through the given
 |      translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
 |      If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
 |      the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
 |
 |  upper(...)
 |      S.upper() -> string
 |      '''将字符串的字母全部大写'''
 |      Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
 |
 |  zfill(...)
 |      S.zfill(width) -> string
 |      '''返回一个给定长度的字符串（小于原字符串无效），原字符右对齐，前面用0填充'''
 |      Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
 |      of the specified width.  The string S is never truncated.
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |
 |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
 |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

字符串内置方法

---

　　首先，我们要注意一个问题，所以的方法都没有改变原字符串本身，都是返回了一个新对象，具体原理我会在讲到函数中说明，而一个新的对象没有把它赋值给一个变量的话，其引用数就为0，在python进行垃圾回收的时候，就会将其从内存中清除。

　　 另外，如果你英文够好的话，其实使用 help() 函数就能够自行学习了，所以这里对帮助函数是一些要点进行说明：

　　1. <==> 表示相对于，意思这前后的方法效果是一样的

　　2. -> 表示函数的返回值，意思是这个方法处理以后，返回的值是什么类型，可以是字符串 string ，也可以是数字 int 等等。关于返回值的详细，会在讲函数的时候分析。

　　3.函数进行传值的时候，对传入的值的类型是有要求的，不然会有很多报错，但这里并没有明说一定要传什么类型的值，而已在英文说明中隐含，所以需要一定的英语阅读能力，英文不好就用经验来堆吧。

---

　　首先，我先来说说对于字符串来说，各运算符的含义：

　　1.+

　　　　代表字符串拼接，不多讲了

　　2.in

　　　　表示给定的字符串是否在原字符串里面，返回布尔值

　　3.==

　　　　判断两个字符串是否一样，值相等就行，返回布尔值

　　4.is

　　　　判断是否是统一对象，不仅值要相同，在内存中的地址也有一样，返回布尔值

　　5.!=

　　　　不等于，值和对象都不相等，返回布尔值

　　5.<,>,<=,>=

　　　　字符串的大小判断非常奇特，它是用每个字符逐一比较，比较的是字符对应的ascll编码，例如：

a = 'a'    #以十进制的ascll为例，其为97
b = 'b'    #以十进制的ascll为例，其为98
a < b

　　aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

　　　　另外，其是每个字符逐一比较的，一旦某个字符比另一个大，则整个字符串都大于另一个，例如

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

　　　　a只有一个字符，但比较的时候，是用 a 的第一个字符 'z' 和 b的第一个字符 'a' 比较，因为'z' > 'a' 了，所以整个字符串都大。如果逐一比较时，两个字符相等的话，就比较下一个字符，如果比较到最后都相等，则说明两个字符串的值相等（==）。至于是否是同一对象就需要另外确定。

　　6.*

　　　　字符串的乘法将会返回一个多出重复原字符串的副本。

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

　　　　只能和数字相乘，字符串间相乘是不可以的。

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

　　　　也没有什么“乘法分配率”的说法，这样只是重复元祖而已。

　　7.%

　　　　取模运算符就是字符串格式化时使用的符号。

---

　　关于剩下的内置方法，我会另起一篇进行总结分析。