存储在系统中的数据是数据库管理系统(DBMS)的核心,数据库被设计用来管理数据的存储、访问和维护数据的完整性,MariaDB中提供了功能丰富的数据库管理语句,包括有效地向数据库中插入数据的INSERT语句,更新数据的UPDATE语句以及当数据不再使用时删除数据的DELETE语句,本小结将依次来介绍这些命令的使用方法和技巧.

MariaDB 插入数据

MariaDB中使用INSERT语句插入数据,可以插入的方式有:插入完整记录,插入记录的部分,插入多条记录,插入另一个查询的结果,废话不多说,老样子先来看一下插入语句的写法吧:

INSERT INTO 表名称(字段1,字段2,字段3,.....) VALUES(数值1,数值2,数值3....)

为了方便后续的练习,我们先来创建一个表结构,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> create table person

    -> (

    -> id int unsigned not null auto_increment,

    -> name char(50) not null default '',

    -> age int not null default 0,

    -> info char(50) null,

    -> primary key(id)

    -> );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

◆在所有字段插入数据◆

在person表中,插入一条新记录id=1,name=LyShark,age=22,info=Lawyer,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> insert into person(id,name,age,info) values(1,'LyShark',22,'Lawyer');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+--------+

| id | name    | age | info   |

+----+---------+-----+--------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer |

+----+---------+-----+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]>

◆在指定字段插入数据◆

在person表中,插入一条新记录,name=Willam,age=18,info=sports,我们不给其指定ID,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> desc person;

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id    | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |

| name  | char(50)         | NO   |     |         |                |

| age   | int(11)          | NO   |     | 0       |                |

| info  | char(50)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> insert into person(name,age,info) values('Willam',18,'sports man');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]>

◆同时为表插入多条记录◆

在person表中,同时插入3条新记录,有多条只需要在每一条的后面加,即可,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> insert into person(name,age,info) values('Evans',27,'secretary'),

    -> ('Dale',22,'cook'),

    -> ('Edison',28,'singer');

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | secretary  |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | cook       |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | singer     |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

◆将查询结果插入到表中◆

为了实现将另一个表中的记录插入到本表中,我们新建一个person_old表,其表结构和person相同,我们将person_old表中的内容全部迁移到person中去,SQL语句如下:

1.创建一个person_old表,并插入测试字段:

MariaDB [lyshark]> create table person_old

    -> (

    -> id int unsigned not null auto_increment,

    -> name char(50) not null default '',

    -> age int not null default 0,

    -> info char(50) null,

    -> primary key(id)

    -> );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> insert into person_old

    -> values(11,'harry',20,'student'),(12,'Beckham',33,'police');

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

2.接下来我们将person_old表中的内容迁移到person中去

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person_old;

+----+---------+-----+---------+

| id | name    | age | info    |

+----+---------+-----+---------+

| 11 | harry   |  20 | student |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | police  |

+----+---------+-----+---------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | secretary  |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | cook       |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | singer     |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> insert into person(id,name,age,info)

    -> select id,name,age,info from person_old;

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | secretary  |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | cook       |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | singer     |

| 11 | harry   |  20 | student    |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | police     |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

## MariaDB 更新数据

表中有数据之后,接下来我们可以对数据进行更新操作,MariaDB中使用UPDATE语句更新表中的记录,可以更新特定的行或同时更新所有的行,基本语句结构如下:

UPDATE 表名称

SET 字段1=修改值,字段2=修改值,字段3=修改值

where (限定条件);

◆更新表中指定字段◆

修改person表中数据,将id=11的name字段的值改为xxxx,age字段改为200,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | secretary  |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | cook       |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | singer     |

| 11 | harry   |  20 | student    |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | police     |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> update person set age=200,name='xxxx' where id=11;  #更新单个字段

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | secretary  |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | cook       |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | singer     |

| 11 | xxxx    | 200 | student    |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | police     |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

◆更新表的一个范围◆

更新person表中的记录,将1-12的info字段全部改为lyshark blog,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+------------+

| id | name    | age | info       |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | Lawyer     |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | sports man |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | secretary  |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | cook       |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | singer     |

| 11 | xxxx    | 200 | student    |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | police     |

+----+---------+-----+------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> update person set info='lyshark blog' where age between 1 and 200;  #指定修改的字段

Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 7  Changed: 7  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

| id | name    | age | info         |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | lyshark blog |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | lyshark blog |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | lyshark blog |

| 11 | xxxx    | 200 | lyshark blog |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | lyshark blog |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

## MariaDB 删除数据

◆删除表中指定记录◆

通过id号,删除表中指定列,此处删除第id=12号,这条记录,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

| id | name    | age | info         |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | lyshark blog |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | lyshark blog |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | lyshark blog |

| 11 | xxxx    | 200 | lyshark blog |

| 12 | Beckham |  33 | lyshark blog |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> delete from person where id=12;   #通过id号，删除表中指定列

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

| id | name    | age | info         |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | lyshark blog |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | lyshark blog |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | lyshark blog |

| 11 | xxxx    | 200 | lyshark blog |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

◆删除表的一个范围◆

在person表中,删除age字段值在19-22的记录,SQL语句如下:

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

| id | name    | age | info         |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

|  1 | LyShark |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  2 | Willam  |  18 | lyshark blog |

|  3 | Evans   |  27 | lyshark blog |

|  4 | Dale    |  22 | lyshark blog |

|  5 | Edison  |  28 | lyshark blog |

| 11 | xxxx    | 200 | lyshark blog |

+----+---------+-----+--------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> delete from person where age between 19 and 22;    #指定范围删除

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+--------+-----+--------------+

| id | name   | age | info         |

+----+--------+-----+--------------+

|  2 | Willam |  18 | lyshark blog |

|  3 | Evans  |  27 | lyshark blog |

|  5 | Edison |  28 | lyshark blog |

| 11 | xxxx   | 200 | lyshark blog |

+----+--------+-----+--------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

◆清空表中所有记录◆

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

+----+--------+-----+--------------+

| id | name   | age | info         |

+----+--------+-----+--------------+

|  2 | Willam |  18 | lyshark blog |

|  3 | Evans  |  27 | lyshark blog |

|  5 | Edison |  28 | lyshark blog |

| 11 | xxxx   | 200 | lyshark blog |

+----+--------+-----+--------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> delete from person;   #清空表中所有记录

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from person;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

参考文献：mysql5.7从入门到精通

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