翻译：Addressing tiles: same tile bounds with different indexes

原文链接：http://www.maptiler.org/google-maps-coordinates-tile-bounds-projection/

Addressing tiles: same tile bounds with different indexes

Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, Yahoo Maps, and other commercial API providers as well as OpenStreetMap and OpenAerialMap are using the same projection and tiling profile and tiles are therefore compatible. The extents of all tiles as well as the zoom levels (resolution in meters per pixel) are predefined for the whole Earth.
Difference is only in the way how the equivalent tiles are indexed. There are three main systems of tile adressing: Google XYZ, Microsoft QuadTree and from the open-source world comming TMS (Tile Map Service).

Google地图，微软的VirtualEarth，雅虎地图和其他的一些商业API提供商，以及OpenStreet地图和OpenAerial地图采用同样的投影和瓦片分割方法，因而瓦片也大致相同。所有瓦片的范围和缩放等级（分辨率）都是预先定义好的。

唯一不同的是如何计算瓦片索引。有三种寻址方式：Google的XYZ，微软的四叉树和开源的TMS。

1. Google - described in the Google Maps API documentation
2. TMS an variant of Google tile addressing, which is used in open-source projects like OpenLayers or TileCache. This system is described in the OSGEO Tile Map Service (TMS) Specification
3. QuadTree - with documentation in the Virtal Earth Tile System from Microsoft

Spherical Mercator EPSG:900913 (EPSG:3857) and WGS84 Datum

The coordinates you use in the Google Maps API and which are presented to the users is Latitude/Longitude in WGS84 Datum (when directly projected by Platte Carre then it is referenced as EPSG:4326).

在Google地图API中使用WGS84基准的经纬度坐标
But for map publishing in the form compatible with all the popular interactive maps and especially for ground tile overlays you need to use Mercator map projection. Interactive web maps are using "Spherical Mercator" system which uses Mercator projection on the sphere instead of WGS84 ellipsoid. It is defined as EPSG:900913 or EPSG:3857 (deprecated EPSG:3785). Details about this system are part of Virtual Earth documentation as well as OpenLayers documentation. Exact numeric definition for GIS systems (in formats like WKT or Proj4), is available in the SpatialReference.org on-line database.