Technical

CAN FD (CAN with Flexible Data-Rate) is an extension to the original CAN bus protocol specified in ISO 11898-1.^[1] Developed in 2011 and released in 2012 by Bosch, CAN FD^[2] was originally created in response to the requests of automakers for more accurate, "real-time" data. Just like with classic CAN, this protocol is designed to record and transmit data, including errors, between devices and microcontrollers without the use of a central, "host" computer. CAN FD is primarily designed to meet the needs of automakers, however, the pervasiveness of classic CAN indicates the inclusion of this improved protocol across a variety of applications, including defense, industrial automation, autonomous devices, underwater vehicles and medical equipment.

CAN FD was created to accommodate increases in bandwidth requirements within automotive networks.^[1][3] The CAN FD protocol has brought the software closer to "real time" through the minimization of delays between an instruction and transfer of data (latency) and higher bandwidth.

CAN FD also allows for more storage capacity in the CAN-frame. While classic CAN has the capacity to hold 8 bytes of data within the CAN-frame, CAN FD can hold up to 64. This is accomplished through a decrease in relative overhead and improvements to software simplicity and efficiency when transmitting large data objects.

CAN FD also has decreased the number of undetected errors through increases in the performance of the CRC-algorithm.^[4] In addition, CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks, allowing the new protocol to function on the same network as classic CAN.^[5] CAN FD has been estimated to transmit data up to 30 times faster than classic CAN.

Due to higher communication speed, CAN FD constraints are tougher in terms of line parasitic capacitances. Therefore, all components on the line have seen their "capacitance" budget reduced compared to regular CAN bus. That is the reason why semiconductor suppliers have released new components approved by car makers. This approval reflects the need for interoperability between all CAN FD systems. Indeed, selected ESD protection components are compatible with all transceivers (CAN or CAN FD) and withstand ISO7637-3.^[6]

Despite a higher stand-off voltage (37 V), devices for truck applications must also comply with the low capacitance requirement (3.5 pF).^[7]

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The Display Serial Interface (DSI) is a specification by the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) Alliance aimed at reducing the cost of display controllers in a mobile device. It is commonly targeted at LCD and similar display technologies. It defines a serial bus and a communication protocol between the host (source of the image data) and the device (destination of the image data).