ELK的高级篇（测试记录各种日志）

一、elk架构已经完成情况情况下

访问限制：加个x-pack插件

1）一个脚本收集多个日志，if 判断写入es的索引

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat file.conf

input {

    file{

        path => ["/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure"]

        type => "system-log"

        start_position => "beginning"

    }

    file{

        path => ["/var/log/elasticsearch/myes.log"]

        type => "es-log"

        start_position => "beginning"

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    if [type] == "system-log" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "system-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"

        }

    }

    if [type] == "es-log" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "es-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"

        }

    }

}

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/file.conf 启动去kibana查看

Java日志为多行一个事件，需要被处理

2）调试遇到中括号就为一个事件

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/codec.conf

input {

    stdin {

        codec => multiline{

            pattern => "^\["

            negate => true

            what => "previous"

        }

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

codec.conf

启动测试

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/codec.conf

Settings: Default pipeline workers:

Pipeline main started

[你好啊

gitd^H^Hgird

hei, hai

[

{

    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-15T11:52:51.012Z",

       "message" => "[你好啊\ngitd\b\bgird\nhei, hai",

      "@version" => "",

          "tags" => [

        [] "multiline"

    ],

          "host" => "k8s6"

}

3）修改file文件，记录Java日志（es的日志）添加了codec参数

[root@k8s6 ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/file.conf

input {

    file{

        path => ["/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure"]

        type => "system-log"

        start_position => "beginning"

    }

    file{

        path => ["/var/log/elasticsearch/myes.log"]

        type => "es-log"

        start_position => "beginning"

                codec => multiline{

            pattern => "^\["

            negate => true

            what => "previous"

        }

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    if [type] == "system-log" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "system-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"

        }

    }

    if [type] == "es-log" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "es-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"

        }

    }

}

file.conf

启动之前，需要删除之前启动生成文件内容，由于在前台启动的，默认在家目录的隐藏文件 ls /root/ -a

正常在后台启动下: ls /var/lib/logstash/ -a

并且还要去es的head插件删除该节点

4）删除2内容和节点后，再次启动服务

[root@k8s6 ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/file.conf

java的多行日志被分开

二、监控nginx日志

1）快速安装nginx

寻找：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/

yum install -y nginx

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

yum install wget -y

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-.noarch.rpm

yum instal nginx -y

2）修改配置文件，存为json数据，只修改了部分

http {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    log_format access_log_json  '{"user_ip":"$http_x_real_ip","lan_ip":"$remote_addr","log_time":"$time_iso8601","user_req":"$request","http_code":"$status","body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent","req_time":"$request_time","user_ua":"$http_user_agent"}';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log  access_log_json;

3）屏幕输出nginx日志

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf

input{

    file {

        path => "/var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log"

        codec => "json"

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

nginx.conf

启动调试模式，测试

[root@node01 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf

Settings: Default pipeline workers:

Pipeline main started

{

            "user_ip" => "-",

             "lan_ip" => "10.8.0.18",

           "log_time" => "2019-03-16T00:57:19+08:00",

           "user_req" => "GET / HTTP/1.1",

          "http_code" => "",

    "body_bytes_sent" => "",

           "req_time" => "0.000",

            "user_ua" => "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko",

           "@version" => "",

         "@timestamp" => "2019-03-15T16:57:20.127Z",

               "path" => "/var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log",

               "host" => "node01"

}

4）存入es服务，并屏幕输出调试。写入之前先在家目录下删除.sincedb 文件

[root@node01 ~]# /etc/init.d/logstash start

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf

input{

    file {

        path => "/var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log"

        codec => "json"

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    elasticsearch {

        hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

        index => "nginx-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

    }

     stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf

在kibana中配置时，注意时间格式

三、记录系统日志，rsyslog服务的日志文件

1）由于rsyslog系统文件较少，即所有机器都存在一起

思路，n1机器启动logstash配置文件，监听514端口

其他机器修改 /etc/rsyslog.conf 配置

　　最后一行改为 *.* @@192.168.10.23:514 该服务的日志就会写入n1的logstash服务里

2）node1,的logstash配置文件如下，调试模式

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat syslog.conf

input{

    syslog {

        type => "system-syslog"

        port =>

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

     stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

syslog.conf

[root@node01 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf 启动服务

可以查看端口

[root@node01 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep

tcp6              :::                  :::*                    LISTEN      /java

udp6              :::                  :::*                                /java

其他机器修改配置文件

[root@k8s6 ~]# tail - /etc/rsyslog.conf

*.* @@192.168.10.23:

# ### end of the forwarding rule ###

[root@k8s6 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog 重启服务，日志将发送到192.168.10.23的机器中

3）使用 logger 命令也可产生系统日志

[root@k8s6 ~]# logger hellow world

监听的日志

{

           "message" => "hellow world\n",

          "@version" => "",

        "@timestamp" => "2019-03-16T05:30:58.000Z",

              "type" => "system-syslog",

              "host" => "192.168.10.22",

          "priority" => ,

         "timestamp" => "Mar 16 13:30:58",

         "logsource" => "k8s6",

           "program" => "root",

          "severity" => ,

          "facility" => ,

    "facility_label" => "user-level",

    "severity_label" => "Notice"

}

3）存入es中的配置文件

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf

input{

    syslog {

        type => "system-syslog"

        port =>

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    elasticsearch {

        hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

        index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"

    }

}

"system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"

在kibana中查询

四、监听tcp的日志

1.1）node01调试模式下启动服务

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat  /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf

input{

    tcp {

        type => "tcp"

        port => ""

        mode => "server"

    }

}

filter{

}

output{

    stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

tcp.conf

启动监听程序：[root@node01 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf

查看端口

[root@node01 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep

tcp6              :::                 :::*                    LISTEN      /java

1.2）另一台机器模拟发送tcp日志

[root@k8s6 ~]# yum install nc -y

[root@k8s6 ~]# echo "hello" |nc 192.168.10.23

也可以发送文件 [root@k8s6 ~]# nc 192.168.10.23 6666 < /etc/resolv.conf

伪设备的发送方式 [root@k8s6 ~]# echo "hello world" > /dev/tcp/192.168.10.23/6666

1.3）查看监听的程序输出

[root@node01 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf

Settings: Default pipeline workers:

Pipeline main started

{

       "message" => "hello",

      "@version" => "",

    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-16T08:00:49.445Z",

          "host" => "192.168.10.22",

          "port" => ,

          "type" => "tcp"

}

五、收集Apache日志

1.1）查看logstash的预定义插件

[root@node01 patterns]# pwd

/opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-patterns-core-2.0./patterns

[root@node01 patterns]# head grok-patterns

USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-._-]+

USER %{USERNAME}

EMAILLOCALPART [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_.+-=:]+

EMAILADDRESS %{EMAILLOCALPART}@%{HOSTNAME}

HTTPDUSER %{EMAILADDRESS}|%{USER}

INT (?:[+-]?(?:[-]+))

BASE10NUM (?<![-.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[-]+(?:\.[-]+)?)|(?:\.[-]+)))

NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})

BASE16NUM (?<![-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[-9A-Fa-f]+))

BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b

/opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-patterns-core-2.0.5/patterns

1.2）filter中，grok插件的使用

grok查看官网

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/plugins-filters-grok.html

1.3）根据官网调试日志

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/grok.conf

input{

    stdin {}

}

filter{

    grok {

        match => { "message" => "%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:duration}" }

    }

}

output{

    stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

/etc/logstash/conf.d/grok.conf

1.4）启动查看日志输出

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/grok.conf

Settings: Default pipeline workers:

Pipeline main started

55.3.244.1 GET /index.html  0.043

{

       "message" => "55.3.244.1 GET /index.html 15824 0.043",

      "@version" => "",

    "@timestamp" => "2019-03-16T09:25:51.670Z",

          "host" => "k8s6",

        "client" => "55.3.244.1",

        "method" => "GET",

       "request" => "/index.html",

         "bytes" => "",

      "duration" => "0.043"

}

/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/grok.conf

2.1）调试apache日志

寻找apache的日志插件

[root@node01 patterns]# vim /opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-patterns-core-2.0./patterns/grok-patterns

COMBINEDAPACHELOG    找到这个

COMBINEDAPACHELOG

2.2）编辑apache的日志bug模式

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat apache-grok.conf

input{

    file {

        path => "/var/log/httpd/access_log"

        start_position => "beginning"

    }

}

filter{

    grok {

        match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }

    }

}

output{

    stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

apache-grok.conf

启动测试

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache-grok.conf

Settings: Default pipeline workers:

Pipeline main started

{

        "message" => "::1 - - [16/Mar/2019:16:41:48 +0800] \"OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0\" 200 - \"-\" \"Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) (internal dummy connection)\"",

       "@version" => "",

     "@timestamp" => "2019-03-16T10:26:41.882Z",

           "path" => "/var/log/httpd/access_log",

           "host" => "k8s6",

       "clientip" => "::1",

          "ident" => "-",

           "auth" => "-",

      "timestamp" => "16/Mar/2019:16:41:48 +0800",

           "verb" => "OPTIONS",

        "request" => "*",

    "httpversion" => "1.0",

       "response" => "",

       "referrer" => "\"-\"",

          "agent" => "\"Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) (internal dummy connection)\""

}

3.1）写入es服务

[root@k8s6 ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache-grok.conf

input{

    file {

        path => "/var/log/httpd/access_log"

        start_position => "beginning"

    }

}

filter{

    grok {

        match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }

    }

}

output{

    elasticsearch {

        hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

        index => "apache-accesslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

    }

}

kibana进行日志匹配

六、elk标准架构图，使用消息队列形式

1）elk架构修改

之前

数据 =》logstash =》es

修改

数据 =》logstash =》redis(消息队列) =》logstash =》es

支持的output插件

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/output-plugins.html

2）安装启动redis

测试redis

yum install redis -y

修改redis配置文件

vim /etc/redis.conf

    daemonize no ==> daemonize yes 改为后台运行

    bind 192.168.10.23  修改ip地址

启动redis

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl start redis

[root@node01 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep redis

tcp               192.168.10.23:      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /redis-server

[root@node01 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.23 -p

192.168.10.23:>

启动redis

3.1）测试 logstash与redis测试

[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/redis.conf

input{

    stdin {}

}

output{

    redis {

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "demo"

    }

}

logstash/conf.d/redis.conf

启动logstash服务

[root@node01 ~]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/redis.conf

Settings: Default pipeline workers:

Pipeline main started

hello

hello weodda

agaeawegaw

添加了3个值

3.2）在redis中查看

[root@node01 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.10.23 -p 6379
192.168.10.23:6379> info
db6:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0
192.168.10.23:6379> select 6
OK
192.168.10.23:6379[6]> keys *
1) "demo"
192.168.10.23:6379[6]> type demo
list
192.168.10.23:6379[6]> llen demo
(integer) 3
192.168.10.23:6379[6]> lindex demo -1
"{\"message\":\"agaeawegaw\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2019-03-16T15:20:02.261Z\",\"host\":\"node01\"}"

4）将apache日志写入redis

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache-grok-redis.conf

input{

        file {

                path => "/var/log/httpd/access_log"

                start_position => "beginning"

        }

}

filter{

        grok {

                match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }

        }

}

output{

    redis {

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "apache-accesslog"

    }

}

apache-grok-redis.conf

过滤操作，可在后面读取redis时实现

启动服务

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache-grok-redis.conf

可进入redis查看

5）从另一台机器启动logstash读取redis写入es服务

192.168..22机器使用 logstash 将日志存入redis

192.168..23机器使用logstash读取redis内写入的日志

查看inpu的插件

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/input-plugins.html

5.1）屏幕调试输出

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/indexer.conf

input{

    redis {

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "apache-accesslog"

    }

}

output{

    stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

    }

}

读取redis

/opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/indexer.conf

5.2）整个过程梳理（最终版）

标准存入redis

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/apache-grok-redis.conf

input{

        file {

                path => "/var/log/httpd/access_log"

                start_position => "beginning"

        }

}

output{

    redis {

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "apache-accesslog"

    }

}

标准读取redis，过滤之后再存入es服务

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/indexer.conf

input{

    redis {

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "apache-accesslog"

    }

}

filter{

        grok {

                match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }

        }

}

output{

    elasticsearch {

        hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

        index => "apache-accesslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

    }

}

存取日志

消息队列使用kafka

六、综合测试

1.1）logstash存入redis服务

[root@k8s6 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/sumlog_put.conf

input{

        file {

                path => "/var/log/httpd/access_log"

                start_position => "beginning"

                type => "apache-accesslog"

        }

        file {

                path => ["/var/log/elasticsearch/myes.log"]

                type => "es-log"

                start_position => "beginning"

                    codec => multiline{

                    pattern => "^\["

                    negate => true

                    what => "previous"

            }

        }

}

output{

    if [type] == "apache-accesslog" {

        redis {

            host => "192.168.10.23"

            port => ""

            db => ""

            data_type => "list"

            key => "apache-accesslog"

        }

    }

    if [type] == "es-log" {

        redis {

            host => "192.168.10.23"

            port => ""

            db => ""

            data_type => "list"

            key => "es-log"

        }

    }

}

sumlog_put.conf

启动服务

[root@k8s6 ~]# /etc/init.d/logstash start

1.2）处理问题，发现redis没有存入日志

遇到的坑。权限问题

chown www:www /var/log/httpd/access_log        # yum安装的apache可能存在权限问题

修改logstash的启动权限

vim /etc/init.d/logstash

    LS_USER=root

    LS_GROUP=root

读取权限问题

警告：如果启动端口，请误使用root用户

1.3）读取redis，存入es

标准读取redis，过滤之后再存入es服务

[root@node01 conf.d]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/sumlog_get.conf

input{

    syslog {

        type => "system-syslog"

        port =>

    }

    redis {

        type => "apache-accesslog"

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "apache-accesslog"

    }

    redis {

        type => "es-log"

        host => "192.168.10.23"

        port => ""

        db => ""

        data_type => "list"

        key => "es-log"

    }

}

filter {

    if [type] == "apache-accesslog" {

        grok {

                match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }

        }

    }

}

output{

    if [type] == "apache-accesslog" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "apache-accesslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

    }

    if [type] == "es-log" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "es-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"

        }

    }

    if [type] == "system-syslog" {

        elasticsearch {

            hosts => ["192.168.10.22:9200"]

            index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"

        }

    }

}

sumlog_get.conf

也需要改为root用户，普通用户无法启动低端口

2）强调，防止程序挂了

如果使用redis list 作为消息队列，需要对key进行监控

llen key_name，如超过1万就报警。

三、kibana的图形化（）

1）markdown定义文本，如紧急联系人

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