python3列表推导式和生成器。

1.把一个字符串变成 Unicode 码位的列表

>>> symbols = '$¢£¥€¤'
>>> codes = []
>>> for symbol in symbols:
... codes.append(ord(symbol))
...
>>> codes
[36, 162, 163, 165, 8364, 164]

2.把字符串变成 Unicode 码位的另外一种写法

>>> symbols = '$¢£¥€¤'
>>> codes = [ord(symbol) for symbol in symbols]
>>> codes
[36, 162, 163, 165, 8364, 164]

3.python2和python3在使用列表推导式的区别

python2.7控制台

Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:38)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> x = 'my precious'
>>> dummy = [x for x in 'ABC']
>>> x
'C'

这是Python 3 代码：

>>> x = 'ABC'
>>> dummy = [ord(x) for x in x]
>>> x
'ABC'
>>> dummy
[65, 66, 67]
>>>

4.用列表推导和 map/filter 组合来创建同样的表单

>>> symbols = '$¢£¥€¤'
>>> beyond_ascii = [ord(s) for s in symbols if ord(s) > 127]
>>> beyond_ascii
[162, 163, 165, 8364, 164]
>>> beyond_ascii = list(filter(lambda c: c > 127, map(ord, symbols)))
>>> beyond_ascii
[162, 163, 165, 8364, 164]

5.使用列表推导计算笛卡儿积

>>> colors = ['black', 'white']
>>> sizes = ['S', 'M', 'L']
>>> tshirts = [(color, size) for color in colors for size in sizes]
>>> tshirts
[('black', 'S'), ('black', 'M'), ('black', 'L'), ('white', 'S'),
 ('white', 'M'), ('white', 'L')]
>>> for color in colors:
... for size in sizes:
... print((color, size))
...
('black', 'S')
('black', 'M')
('black', 'L')
('white', 'S')
('white', 'M')
('white', 'L')
>>> tshirts = [(color, size) for size in sizes
... for color in colors]
>>> tshirts
[('black', 'S'), ('white', 'S'), ('black', 'M'), ('white', 'M'),
 ('black', 'L'), ('white', 'L')]

6.用生成器表达式初始化元组和数组

>>> symbols = '$¢£¥€¤'
>>> tuple(ord(symbol) for symbol in symbols)
(36, 162, 163, 165, 8364, 164)
>>> import array
>>> array.array('I', (ord(symbol) for symbol in symbols))
array('I', [36, 162, 163, 165, 8364, 164])

7.使用生成器表达式计算笛卡儿积

>>> colors = ['black', 'white']
>>> sizes = ['S', 'M', 'L']
>>> for tshirt in ('%s %s' % (c, s) for c in colors for s in sizes): ➊
... print(tshirt)
...
black S
black M
black L
white S
white M
white L