ELK-logstash-6.3.2-常用配置

1. input-file收集日志信息

 [yun@mini04 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini04 config]$ cat file.conf
 input{
   file{
     path => ["/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure"]
     type => "system-log"
     start_position => "beginning"
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   # es有3台，随便指定一台即可  也可以是多台如 ["127.0.0.1:9200","127.0.0.2:9200"]
   elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
      index => "system-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"
   }
 }

 ##################################################
 [root@mini04 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/file.conf   # 启动  此处需要root用户启动才行，否则没有权限
 …………

1.1. 浏览器访问

2. input-if判断【日志多点收集】

为了方便，我把logstatsh部署到了mini03上

本节作用：收集java日志【日志收集得有些缺陷，不方便查看，需要改进配置】

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat file2.conf
 input{
   file{
     path => ["/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure"]
     type => "system-log"
     start_position => "beginning"
   }

   file{
     path => ["/app/es-data/logs/zhang-es.log"]
     type => "es-log"
     start_position => "beginning"
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   # es有3台，随便指定一台即可  也可以是多台如 ["127.0.0.1:9200","127.0.0.2:9200"]
   if [type=] == "system-log" {
     elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
        index => "system-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"
     }
   }

   if [type] == "es-log" {
     elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
        index => "es-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"
     }
   }
 }

 ##################################
 [root@mini04 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/file2.conf   # 启动  此处需要root用户启动才行，否则没有权限
 …………

浏览器访问

 http://mini01:9100/       # head访问

 http://mini01:5601      # kibana 访问

缺点：

　　java应用的日志有报错等，这样直接收集那么不方便查看看

3. codec-multiline——多行合并收集【可用于java程序日志收集】

3.1. 命令行输入输出测试

多行合并，以 [ 开头作为匹配

 # 配置文件
 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat codec_test.conf
 # 输入配置说明：
 # pattern => "^\["   匹配 [ 开头的行；
 # negate => "true" 表示如果不能匹配则放在一起；
 # what => "previous"  如果是"previous"表示，任何不以 [ 开头的行都应该与前面的行合并。
 #      如果为"next" 表示, 任何以 [ 结尾的行都应该与以下行合并。
 input{
   stdin{
     codec => multiline {
       pattern => "^\["
       negate => "true"
       what => "previous"
     }
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   stdout{
     codec => rubydebug
   }
 }
 # 执行
 [yun@mini03 config]$ /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/codec_test.conf   # 执行
 ………………

 [
 {
           "host" => "mini03",
        "message" => "1111\n222\n333",
       "@version" => "",
           "tags" => [
         [] "multiline"
     ],
     "@timestamp" => --25T06::.486Z
 }

 [
 {
           "host" => "mini03",
        "message" => "[444\n555\n666\n8888",
       "@version" => "",
           "tags" => [
         [] "multiline"
     ],
     "@timestamp" => --25T06::.319Z
 }

3.2. 重新收集ES日志

3.2.1. 在ES上删除之前收集的mini03  ES日志

停止mini03上的logstash程序

3.2.2. 删除logstash的标记

插件通过在一个名为sincedb的单独文件并记录每个文件中当前的位置来跟踪当前位置。这样就可以停止并重新启动Logstash，并让它在结束的地方继续运行，而不会遗漏在log出来时添加到文件中的行。

 # 查找标记文件
 [yun@mini03 logstash]$ pwd
 /app/logstash
 [yun@mini03 logstash]$ find . -type f | grep 'sincedb'
 ./data/plugins/inputs/file/.sincedb_1fb922e15ccea4ac0d028d33639ba3ea
 ./data/plugins/inputs/file/.sincedb_56a0ba191c6aa2202fcdc058933e33b0
 ##### mini03 es的日志信息
 [yun@mini03 logs]$ pwd
 /app/es-data/logs
 [yun@mini03 logs]$ ll -i zhang-es.log
  -rw-rw-r--  yun yun  Aug  : zhang-es.log  # 第一列为es的inode信息
 ##### logstash sincedb 的文件信息
 [yun@mini03 file]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/data/plugins/inputs/file
 [yun@mini03 file]$ ll -a
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  yun yun  Aug  : .
 drwxr-xr-x  yun yun   Aug  : ..
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Aug  : .sincedb_1fb922e15ccea4ac0d028d33639ba3ea
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Aug  : .sincedb_56a0ba191c6aa2202fcdc058933e33b0
 [yun@mini03 file]$ cat .sincedb_56a0ba191c6aa2202fcdc058933e33b0 

 [yun@mini03 file]$ rm -f .sincedb_56a0ba191c6aa2202fcdc058933e33b0  # 删除es的sincedb文件

说明：其中 33588216为对应es日志的inode信息，所以删除 .sincedb_56a0ba191c6aa2202fcdc058933e33b0 文件，那么再次采集es日志时，就会从新开始采集

3.2.3. logstash配置并启动

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat codec.conf
 input{
   file{
     path => ["/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure"]
     type => "system-log"
     start_position => "beginning"
   }

   file{
     path => ["/app/es-data/logs/zhang-es.log"]
     type => "es-log"
     start_position => "beginning"
     codec => multiline {
       pattern => "^\["
       negate => "true"
       what => "previous"
     }
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   # es有3台，随便指定一台即可  也可以是多台如 ["127.0.0.1:9200","127.0.0.2:9200"]
   if [type=] == "system-log" {
     elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
        index => "system-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"
     }
   }

   if [type] == "es-log" {
     elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
        index => "es-log-%{+YYYY.MM}"
     }
   }
 }

 #### 使用root权限启动，因为该配置中有 "/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure" 日志收集
 [root@mini03 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/codec.conf & 

3.2.4. 浏览器通过kibana查看

通过kibana查询，得知此次收集的日志确实符合我们的浏览习惯。

4. codec-json【收集Nginx访问日志】

需要将Nginx的访问日志改为json格式

4.1. nginx 部分日志配置

在mini03  yum安装Nginx

[root@mini03 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    # 新增配置，上面的配置没有被引用，所以可以不管
    # 切记：不要换行★★★★★
    log_format  access_log_json  '{"user_ip":"$http_x_real_ip","lan_ip":"$remote_addr","log_time":"$time_iso8601","user_req":"$request","http_code":"$status","body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent","req_time":"$request_time","user_ua":"$http_user_agent"}';

    # access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;  # 注释
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log  access_log_json;  # 新增

　　

4.2. logstash配置并启动

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat codec_json.conf
 input{

   file{
     path => ["/var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log"]
     type => "nginx-access-log"
     codec => json
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   # es有3台，随便指定一台即可  也可以是多台如 ["127.0.0.1:9200","127.0.0.2:9200"]
   elasticsearch {
     hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
     index => "nginx-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
   }

 }

 ##### 需要root权限，因为Nginx是yum安装的  访问日志在/var/log/nginx/access_log_json.log中
 [root@mini03 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/codec_json.conf & 

4.3. 浏览器访问Nginx

访问方式如下：

• 通过浏览器访问 http://mini03/

 http://mini03/32t23t23t/ee    # 可以得到404状态码

• 在mini01、mini02、mini03 通过如下命令访问

 # 需要安装软件
 yum -y install httpd-tools
 # 访问命令如下
 ab -n10 -c  http://mini03/
 ab -n10 -c  http://mini03/aa/bbb/ccc    # 为了得到404 状态码

4.4. 信息查看

通过head查看

通过kibana查看

5. input-rsyslog日志收集

要求：收集mini01、mini02、mini03的rsyslog日志

5.1. rsyslog日志收集测试

logstash配置

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat rsyslog_test.conf
 input{
   syslog{
     type => "system-rsyslog"
     port =>
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   stdout{
     codec => rubydebug
   }
 }

 ##### 使用root用户，不然有权限限制
 [root@mini03 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/rsyslog_test.conf

mini01、mini02、mini03配置修改

 [root@mini01 ~]# tail -n5 /etc/rsyslog.conf   # mini01、mini02、mini03
 # remote host is: name/ip:port, e.g. 192.168.0.1:, port optional
 #*.* @@remote-host:
 # 下面要添加的配置
 *.* @@172.16.1.13:

 # ### end of the forwarding rule ###
 [root@mini01 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service  # 重启rsyslog

在mini03的logstash上，可见有rsyslog刷过来。

5.2. rsyslog收集到ES配置

其中mini01、mini02、mini03上的配置已经按上面修改，因此不用改变。

logstash配置

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat rsyslog.conf
 input{
   syslog{
     type => "system-rsyslog"
     port =>
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   # es有3台，随便指定一台即可  也可以是多台如 ["127.0.0.1:9200","127.0.0.2:9200"]
   elasticsearch {
     hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
     index => "system-rsyslog-%{+YYYY.MM}"
   }

 }

 ##### 使用root用户，不然有权限限制
 [root@mini03 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/rsyslog.conf &

5.3. 浏览器查看

通过head查看

通过kibana查看

6. input-tcp收集

这次只做测试，就不收集到ES了。

6.1. logstash配置

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat tcp_test.conf
 input{
   tcp {
     port =>
     mode => "server"
     type => "tcp_test"
   }
 }

 filter{
 }

 output{
   stdout{
     codec => rubydebug
   }
 }

 ##########################
 [yun@mini03 ~]$ /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/tcp_test.conf  # 可以使用普通用户

6.2. 在mini02测试

 [yun@mini02 ~]$ echo "" | nc mini03
 [yun@mini02 ~]$ echo "testinfo" | nc mini03
 [yun@mini02 ~]$ nc mini03  < /etc/resolv.conf
 [yun@mini02 ~]$ echo "myinfo" > /dev/tcp/mini03/

在mini03上可见，命令行有logstash的信息输出

7. filter-Grok

生产环境几乎不用

原因：

1、grok是非常影响性能的

2、不灵活

最佳实践：做到分离，各司其职

 logstash => redis/kafka => logstash/python => ES

7.1. 查看grok位置和文件

 [yun@mini03 patterns]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3./gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1./patterns
 [yun@mini03 patterns]$ ll
 total
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : aws
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : bacula
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : bind
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : bro
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : exim
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun  Jul  : firewalls
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : grok-patterns
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : haproxy
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : httpd
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : java
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : junos
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : linux-syslog
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun     Jul  : maven
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun     Jul  : mcollective
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : mcollective-patterns
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : mongodb
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun   Jul  : nagios
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : postgresql
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : rails
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : redis
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : ruby
 -rw-r--r--  yun yun    Jul  : squid

7.2. 命令行测试

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat filter-grok_test.conf
 input{
   stdin{}
 }

 filter{
   grok {
     match => { "message" => "%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:duration}" }
   }
 }

 output{
   stdout{
     codec => rubydebug
   }
 }

 #######################################
 [yun@mini03 ~]$ /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/filter-grok_test.conf  # 使用普通用户
 ……………………
 # 输入如下一行字符串
 55.3.244.1 GET /index.html  0.043
 {
       "@version" => "",
           "host" => "mini03",
          "bytes" => "",
        "message" => "55.3.244.1 GET /index.html 15824 0.043",
         "client" => "55.3.244.1",
       "duration" => "0.043",
        "request" => "/index.html",
     "@timestamp" => --28T13::.910Z,
         "method" => "GET"
 }

7.3. httpd日志收集命令行测试

[yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
/app/logstash/config
[yun@mini03 config]$ cat filter-grok_httpd-test.conf
input{
  file{
    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
    type => "httpd-access-log"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}

filter{
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}" }
  }
}

output{
  stdout{
    codec => rubydebug
  }
}

################# 使用root用户，涉及权限问题
[root@mini03 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/filter-grok_httpd-test.conf
……………………
# 可见httpd的日志被收集，并且被解析
{
           "path" => "/var/log/httpd/access_log",
       "referrer" => "\"http://mini03/\"",
           "host" => "mini03",
       "response" => "200",
        "message" => "10.0.0.1 - - [28/Aug/2018:22:35:31 +0800] \"GET /images/poweredby.png HTTP/1.1\" 200 3956 \"http://mini03/\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36\"",
           "auth" => "-",
      "timestamp" => "28/Aug/2018:22:35:31 +0800",
          "bytes" => "3956",
       "clientip" => "10.0.0.1",
          "agent" => "\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36\"",
       "@version" => "1",
     "@timestamp" => 2018-08-28T14:44:12.477Z,
    "httpversion" => "1.1",
           "type" => "httpd-access-log",
          "ident" => "-",
        "request" => "/images/poweredby.png",
           "verb" => "GET"
}
………………

　　

7.4. httpd收集日志到ES

 [yun@mini03 config]$ pwd
 /app/logstash/config
 [yun@mini03 config]$ cat filter-grok_httpd.conf
 input{
   file{
     path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
     type => "httpd-access-log"
     start_position => "beginning"
   }
 }

 filter{
   grok {
     match => { "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}" }
   }
 }

 output{
   # es有3台，随便指定一台即可  也可以是多台如 ["127.0.0.1:9200","127.0.0.2:9200"]
   elasticsearch {
     hosts => ["mini01:9200", "mini02:9200", "mini03:9200"]
     index => "httpd-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
   }
 }

 ########## 使用root用户，涉及权限
 [root@mini03 ~]# /app/logstash/bin/logstash -f /app/logstash/config/filter-grok_httpd.conf
 ………………

7.5. 浏览器访问httpd

浏览器

 # 可以通过谷歌、火狐、IE访问
 http://mini03/
 http://mini03/indweg.html    

Linux命令行访问

 [yun@mini02 ~]$ ab -n40 -c  http://mini03/
 [yun@mini02 ~]$ ab -n40 -c  http://mini03/wet/bdhw/    

7.6. 信息查看

head访问

kibana查看