ES基本查询

数据准备

# 创建索引
PUT /lib1
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 5
    , "number_of_replicas": 0
  },
  "mappings": {
    "user":{
      "properties": {
        "name":{"type":"text"},
        "adress":{"type":"text"},
        "age":{"type":"integer"},
        "interests":{"type":"text"},
        "birthday":{"type":"date"}
      }
    }
  }
}
# 添加数据
PUT /lib1/user/1
{
  "name":"zhaoliu",
  "adress":"hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1970-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}
PUT /lib1/user/2
{
  "name":"zhaoming",
  "adress":"bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":20,
  "birthday":"1998-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
PUT /lib1/user/3
{
  "name":"lisi",
  "adress":"bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1998-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}
PUT /lib1/user/4
{
  "name":"wangwu",
  "adress":"bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":20,
  "birthday":"1995-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
PUT /lib1/user/5
{
  "name":"zhangsan",
  "adress":"bei jing chao yang qu",
  "age":29,
  "birthday":"1988-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"
}
# 简单条件查询
GET /lib1/user/_search?q=name:lisi
GET /lib1/user/_search?q=interests:changge&sort=age:desc

term查询和terms查询

• term query回去倒排索引中寻找确切的term，它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword、numeric、date。

• term：查询某个字段含有某个关键词的文档

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "term": {
        "name": "zhaoliu"
      }
    }
  }
  # 查询结果
  {
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 1,
      "max_score": 0.2876821,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "1",
          "_score": 0.2876821,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoliuwu",
            "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
            "age": 49,
            "birthday": "1970-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }

• terms:查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档

  # 查询
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "terms": {
        "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
      }
    }
  }
  # 查询的结果为interests字段包含heijiu、changge、hejiu和changge的文档
  {
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 3,
      "max_score": 1.5467954,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "2",
          "_score": 1.5467954,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoming",
            "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
            "age": 20,
            "birthday": "1998-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "5",
          "_score": 0.2824934,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhangsan",
            "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",
            "age": 29,
            "birthday": "1988-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "1",
          "_score": 0.2824934,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoliuwu",
            "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
            "age": 49,
            "birthday": "1970-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
  # 指定返回结果为2个文档
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "from": 0, 
    "size": 2, 
    "query": {
      "terms": {
        "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
      }
    }
  }
  # 指定返回结果中含版本号
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "from": 0, 
    "size": 2,    "version": true,   "query": {    "terms": {      "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]    }  }}# 查询结果{  "took": 5,  "timed_out": false,  "_shards": {    "total": 5,    "successful": 5,    "failed": 0  },  "hits": {    "total": 3,    "max_score": 1.5467954,    "hits": [      {        "_index": "lib1",        "_type": "user",        "_id": "2",        "_version": 3,        "_score": 1.5467954,        "_source": {          "name": "zhaoming",          "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",          "age": 20,          "birthday": "1998-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"        }      },      {        "_index": "lib1",        "_type": "user",        "_id": "5",        "_version": 2,        "_score": 0.2824934,        "_source": {          "name": "zhangsan",          "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",          "age": 29,          "birthday": "1988-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"        }      }    ]  }}

match查询

• math query指定分词器的存在，会对filed进行分词操作，然后再查询

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "match": {
        "name": "zhaoliuwu"
      }
    }
  }
  # 执行结果
  {
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 1,
      "max_score": 0.2876821,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "1",
          "_score": 0.2876821,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoliuwu",
            "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
            "age": 49,
            "birthday": "1970-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
  ​
  # 查询
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "match": {
        "name": "zhaoliuwu zhaoming"
      }
    }
  }
  # 执行结果
  {
    "took": 4,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 2,
      "max_score": 0.80259144,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "2",
          "_score": 0.80259144,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoming",
            "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
            "age": 20,
            "birthday": "1998-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "1",
          "_score": 0.2876821,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoliuwu",
            "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
            "age": 49,
            "birthday": "1970-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"        }      }    ]  }}

• match_all：查询所有文档

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "match_all": {}
    }
  }

• multi_match：指定多个字段

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "multi_match": {
        "query": "changge",
        "fields": ["interests","name"]
      }
    }
  }

• match_phrase：短语匹配查询

• ElasticSearch引擎首先分析查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变：

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "match_phrase": {
        "interests": "duanlian,changge"
      }
    }
  }
  # 执行结果
  {
    "took": 12,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 1,
      "max_score": 1.5467954,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "2",
          "_score": 1.5467954,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoming",
            "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
            "age": 20,
            "birthday": "1998-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }

• 指定查询字段

  # 指定查询字段
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "_source": {
      "includes": ["name","adress"]
    }, 
    "query": {
      "match_all": {}
    }
  }
  # 排除查询字段
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "_source": {
      "excludes": ["name","adress"]
    }, 
    "query": {
      "match_all": {}
    }
  }
  # 通配符匹配查询字段
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "_source": {
      "includes":"adr*",
      "excludes": ["name","bir*"]
    }, 
    "query": {
      "match_all": {}
    }
  }
  # 执行结果
  {
    "took": 8,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 5,
      "max_score": 1,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "5",
          "_score": 1,
          "_source": {
            "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "4",
          "_score": 1,
          "_source": {
            "adress": "北京海淀区清河"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "2",
          "_score": 1,
          "_source": {
            "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "1",
          "_score": 1,
          "_source": {
            "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi"
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "3",
          "_score": 1,        "_source": {          "adress": "北京海淀区清河"        }      }    ]  }}

排序

• 使用sort实现排序：desc降序，asc升序

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": [
      {
        "age": {
          "order": "desc"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": [
      {
        "age": {
          "order": "asc"
        }
      }
    ]
  }

前缀匹配

GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "name": {
        "query": "zhao"
      }
    }
  }
}

范围查询

# []
GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "birthday": {
        "from": "1990-10-10",
        "to": "2018-05-01"
      }
    }
  }
}
# ()
GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "birthday": {
        "from": "1995-10-12",
        "to": "1998-10-12",
        "include_lower":false,
        "include_upper":false
      }
    }
  }
}
GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 20,
        "lte": 28
      }
    }
  }
}

wildcard查询

• 允许使用通配符*和？来进行查询

  • *代表0个或多个字符

  • ？代表任意一个字符

  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "wildcard": {
        "name": {
          "value": "li?i"
        }
      }
    }
  }
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "wildcard": {
        "name": "zhao*"
      }
    }
  }

fuzzy实现模糊查询

• value：查询的关键字

• boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0

• min_similarity：设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值是0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1（包括0和1）；对于数值，取值可能大于1；对于日期型取值为1d，1m等。

• prefix_length：指名区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0

• max_expansion：查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大

  # 查询
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "fuzzy": {
        "name":"zhliuwu"
      }
    }
  }
  # 查询结果
  {
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 1,
      "max_score": 0.2054872,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "1",
          "_score": 0.2054872,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoliuwu",
            "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
            "age": 49,
            "birthday": "1970-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
  ​
  # 查询
  GET /lib1/user/_search
  {
    "query": {
      "fuzzy": {
        "interests": {
          "value": "chagge"
        }
      }
    }
    , "highlight": {
      "fields": {
        "interests": {}
      }
    }
  }
  # 执行结果
  {
    "took": 43,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
      "total": 5,
      "successful": 5,
      "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
      "total": 2,
      "max_score": 0.64449805,
      "hits": [
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",
          "_id": "2",
          "_score": 0.64449805,
          "_source": {
            "name": "zhaoming",
            "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
            "age": 20,
            "birthday": "1998-10-12",
            "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
          },
          "highlight": {
            "interests": [
              "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "_index": "lib1",
          "_type": "user",        "_id": "5",        "_score": 0.23541118,        "_source": {          "name": "zhangsan",          "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",          "age": 29,          "birthday": "1988-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"        },        "highlight": {          "interests": [            "xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,lvyou"          ]        }      }    ]  }}

高亮搜索结果

GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interests": "changge"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {"interests": {}}
  }
}
# 查询结果
{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.7733977,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "lib1",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.7733977,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhaoming",
          "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 20,
          "birthday": "1998-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        },
        "highlight": {
          "interests": [
            "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "lib1",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 0.2824934,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhangsan",
          "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",
          "age": 29,
          "birthday": "1988-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"
        },
        "highlight": {
          "interests": [
            "xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,lvyou"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}