使用Server Trigger保护重要的数据库对象

一 .Server Trigger的简单介绍

在SQL Server数据库中，Server Trigger 是一种特殊类型的存储过程，它可以对特定表、视图或存储中的必然事件自动响应，不由用户调用。创建触发器时对其进行定义，以便在对特定的数据库对象作特定类型的修改时执行，根据触发器定义的动作做出反应。

其主要被用在保持数据库对象的完整性方面。例如，防止数据库中已建好的表和存储过程被更改或删除。此外还可以进行更改历史记录的追踪，查看表或存储被修改的记录。

Server Trigger比Database Trigger所管控的范围更广，可以管控Server下的所有Database的对象。

二. 主要表及创建脚本

表Protected_Objects ，主要用来存储被保护的数据库对象，例如表和存储过程。字段 ActiveFlag设置为Y时有效，N是无效。

有新的数据库对象创建，最自动Insert一笔数据。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Protected_Objects](

    [ServerIP] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [ServerName] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [DBName] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [ObjName] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [Objtype] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [Creator] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [ActiveFlag] [varchar](10) NULL,

    [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL

) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

表DBTrigger_Log，主要存储数据库对象变动记录。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBTrigger_Log](

    [ServerIP] [varchar](20) NULL,

    [ServerName] [varchar](50) NULL,

    [DBName] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [ObjectName] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [ObjectType] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [EventType] [varchar](100) NULL,

    [HostName] [varchar](128) NULL,

    [AppName] [varchar](128) NULL,

    [EventData] [xml] NULL,

    [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL,

    [Flag] [int] NULL DEFAULT ((0))

) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

GO

SET ANSI_PADDING OFF

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'服务器IP' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ServerIP'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'服务器名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ServerName'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'数据库名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DBName'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'对象名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectName'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'对象类型' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectType'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'事件类型' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EventType'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'终端机器名' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'HostName'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'AppName'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'触发事件xml' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EventData'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'发生时间' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TransDateTime'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'是否上传' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Flag'

GO

三. 创建Server Trigger的脚本

USE [master]

GO

/****** Object:  DdlTrigger [ServerDBTrigger_ProtectObjects]    Script Date: 2018/12/27 13:36:00 ******/

SET ANSI_NULLS ON

GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

GO

/*###########################################################################################

*Program*:            <DB Trigger>

*Description*:        <Protect SQL key objects>

*programer*:         <>

*Date*:             2015-12-03

---0001  2015-12-03  11:12      第一阶段期间只保留修改记录，暂时不阻止（不RollBack）

---0002  2015-12-03  15:32      增加发邮件的功能.

---0003  2015-12-04  14:20      出现set ANSI_PADDING Off后，还有（如果是script出来的表，其中有索引约束等，

---                             需要Alter表时，就会报错。）代码时，@xEvent.query会报错。

##############################################################################################*/

CREATE TRIGGER [ServerDBTrigger_DBA_ProtectObjects]

ON ALL SERVER

FOR DROP_TABLE,DROP_PROCEDURE,DROP_VIEW,DROP_FUNCTION,

CREATE_TABLE,CREATE_PROCEDURE,CREATE_VIEW,CREATE_FUNCTION,

ALTER_PROCEDURE,ALTER_VIEW,ALTER_TABLE,ALTER_FUNCTION,RENAME

AS

  SET NOCOUNT ON ;

  BEGIN TRY

    DECLARE @ServerIP varchar(20)

    DECLARE @ServerName varchar(50)

    DECLARE @AppName nvarchar(128)

    DECLARE @HostName nvarchar(128)

    DECLARE @DBName varchar(100)

    DECLARE @ObjectName varchar(100)

    DECLARE @ObjectType varchar(100)

    DECLARE @EventType varchar(100)

    DECLARE @ObjectAction varchar(100)

    DECLARE @xEvent XML

    SET @xEvent = EVENTDATA()

    ----------------------0003 start ----------

    --Set @DBName=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/DatabaseName)'))

    --Set @ObjectName=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)'))

    --Set @ObjectType=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectType)'))

    --Set @ObjectAction=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)'))

    DECLARE @EventData varchar(MAX)

    SELECT @EventData=CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),@xEvent)

    SET @DBName= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<DatabaseName>',@EventData)+14, CHARINDEX('</DatabaseName>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<DatabaseName>',@EventData)-14)

    SET @ObjectName= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<ObjectName>',@EventData)+12, CHARINDEX('</ObjectName>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<ObjectName>',@EventData)-12)

    SET @ObjectType= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<ObjectType>',@EventData)+12, CHARINDEX('</ObjectType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<ObjectType>',@EventData)-12)

    SET @ObjectAction= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)+11, CHARINDEX('</EventType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)-11)

    SET @EventType=SUBSTRING(@EventData, CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)+11, CHARINDEX('</EventType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)-11)

    ------------0003 end ---------------

    SELECT @HostName=HOST_NAME(),@AppName=APP_NAME()

    SELECT  @ServerName = @@SERVERNAME

    SELECT  @ServerIP = MIN(LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS) FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS WHERE LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS IS NOT NULL

    IF EXISTS(SELECT TOP 1 ObjName FROM Protected_Objects WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE ServerName = @@SERVERNAME AND DBName=@DBName AND ObjName=@ObjectName AND ActiveFlag='Y')

    BEGIN

        IF (@ObjectName LIKE 'TMP%')OR (/*@ObjectAction LIKE 'ALTER%' AND */@ObjectName LIKE '[_]%')

         BEGIN

            INSERT  INTO  DBTrigger_Log

                                ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime)

                        VALUES  ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE())

         END

        ELSE

         BEGIN 

            -----------------0001 start ---

            INSERT  INTO  DBTrigger_Log

                                ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime)

                        VALUES  ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE())

            --Rollback TRANSACTION

            -----------------end --------

            -------------0002 begin ----------------

            DECLARE @Subject AS nvarchar(200)

            DECLARE @Body AS nvarchar(MAX)

            DECLARE @SPName AS nvarchar(MAX)

            SET @Subject = 'ServerDBTrigger-重要!;ServerIP:' + @ServerIP

                        SET @SPName = ''

                        SET @Body = '<html><body>Dear All,<br> <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ServerName:' + @ServerName+ ' ; ServerIP:' + @ServerIP+ '上的object已被改动,请及时检查!!!

                       <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can get detail information from DBA_DBTrigger_Log. <br><br><table border=1 bgcolor=#aaff11>'

                        SET @Body = @Body+ '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>ServerName</td><td>ServerIP</td><td>DBName</td><td>EventType</td><td>ObjectName</td><td>ObjectType</td><td>HostName </td><td>TransDateTime</td></tr>'

                        SELECT  @SPName = @SPName + '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>'+ CAST(@ServerName AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@ServerIP AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>' + CAST(@DBName AS NVARCHAR(50)) + '</td><td>'+ CAST(@EventType AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+CAST(@ObjectName AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@ObjectType AS NVARCHAR(20))+ '</td><td>'+ SUBSTRING(REPLACE(CAST(@HostName AS varchar(500)), CHAR(0), ''), 1, 500)+ '</td><td>'+ CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21)+ '</td></tr>'

                        SET @Body = @Body + @SPName + '</table>'

            SET @BODY=REPLACE(@BODY,'''','')

            IF REPLACE(@BODY,' ','')<>''

                BEGIN

                    DECLARE @AllEmailToAddress varchar(3000)=''

                    DECLARE @AllEmailCcAddress varchar(3000)=''

                    DECLARE @Allprofile_name varchar(100)=''

                    SELECT @AllEmailToAddress='收件人的地址'

                    SELECT @AllEmailCcAddress='抄送人的地址'

                    SELECT TOP 1 @Allprofile_name=NAME FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile ORDER BY profile_id

                    EXEC msdb..sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = @Allprofile_name     -- profile 名称

                     ,@recipients   =  @AllEmailToAddress         -- 收件人邮箱

                     ,@copy_recipients=@AllEmailCcAddress

                     ,@subject      =  @Subject                   -- 邮件标题

                     ,@body         =  @BODY                      -- 邮件内容

                     ,@body_format  =  'HTML'                     -- 邮件格式

                     ,@file_attachments=''

                END

              -------------    0002 end ------------

         END

    END

    ----新建对象自动塞入保护表

    ELSE

    BEGIN

        --PRINT 3

        DELETE FROM Protected_Objects WHERE ServerName = @@SERVERNAME AND DBName=@DBName AND ObjName=@ObjectName

        IF @ObjectAction LIKE 'Create%' AND @AppName LIKE '%Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio%'

            AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE '[_]%' AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE 'TMP%'

        BEGIN

            INSERT  INTO Protected_Objects

                        VALUES  ( @ServerIP, @ServerName, @DBName, @ObjectName,@ObjectType, @HostName, 'Y', GETDATE() )

            INSERT  INTO  DBTrigger_Log

                                ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime)

                        VALUES  ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE())

        END

        ELSE IF  @ObjectAction NOT LIKE 'Create%' AND @AppName LIKE '%Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio%'  AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE '[_]%'

        BEGIN

            INSERT  INTO  DBTrigger_Log

                                ( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime)

                        VALUES  ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE())

        END

    END

END TRY

BEGIN CATCH

    PRINT '@ObjectName:'+@ObjectName

    PRINT '@ObjectType:'+@ObjectType

    PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE()

    ROLLBACK TRANSACTION

END CATCH

SET ANSI_NULLS OFF

GO

SET ANSI_NULLS OFF

GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF

GO

ENABLE TRIGGER [ServerDBTrigger_ProtectObjects] ON ALL SERVER

GO

四. 补充

创建Server Trigger 后，此时表Protected_Objects是空的，没有被保护的数据库对象。我们可以将数据库下面的对象批量插入。例如，我们将数据库XXXX下除 _和unuse开头之外的所有对象批量插入。其脚本如下：

INSERT INTO Protected_Objects(DBName,ObjName,ObjType,Creator,ActiveFlag,TransDateTime)

SELECT 'XXXXXX',Name, CASE xtype WHEN 'U' THEN 'Table' WHEN 'P' THEN 'Procedure' WHEN 'FN' THEN 'Function' WHEN 'TF' THEN 'Function' WHEN 'V' THEN 'View' END,

    HOST_NAME(),'Y' ,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),DATEADD(DAY,-46,GETDATE()),120)

FROM [XXXXXXX].dbo.sysobjects WHERE xtype IN ('U','P','FN','V','TF')

    AND  name NOT LIKE '[_]%'

    AND name NOT LIKE 'unuse%'