python运维开发之第十一天（RabbitMQ，redis）

一、RabbitMQ

python的Queue与RabbitMQ之间的理解：

python的进程或线程Queue只能python自己用。RabbitMQ队列多个应用之间共享队列，互相通信。

1、简单的实现生产者与消费者

　　生产者

　　（1）建立socket连接；（2）声明一个管道；（3）声明队列（queue）；（4）通过管道发消息；（5）routing_key（queue名字）；（6）body（内容）

　　消费者

　　（1）建立连接；（2）声明管道；（3）声明队列；（4）消费者声明队列（防止生产者后启动，消费者报错）；（5）消费消息；（6）callback如果收到消息就调用函数处理消息 queue队列名字；

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/

import pika
#建立socket连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
#声明一个管道
channel = connection.channel()
#声明一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
#通过管道发消息，routing_key 队列queue名字 ，body发送内容
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World! 1 2')
print("[x] send 'Hello World! 1 2 '")
connection.close()

producer

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/

import pika,time
#建立连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
#声明一个管道
channel = connection.channel()
#声明队列，防止生产者（发送端）没开启，消费者端报错
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
#ch管道的内存对象地址，如果收到消息就调用函数callback，处理消息
def callbak(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] Received %r " % body)
    # time.sleep(30)
#消费消息
channel.basic_consume(callbak,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True #消息有没处理，都不给生产者发确认消息
                      )
print('[*] Waitting for messages TO exit press ctrl+c')
channel.start_consuming() #开始

consumer

2、消费者对生产者，可以1对多，而且默认是轮询机制

no_ack=True如果注释掉的话，消费者端不给服务器端确认收到消息，服务器端就不会把要发的消息从队列里清除

如下图注释了no_ack，加了一个时间，

开启三个消费者，一个生产者，生产者只send一次数据，挨个停止consumer，会发现同一条消息会被重新发给下一个consumer，直到producer收到consumer的确认收到的消息

3、队列查询

清除队列消息

4、消息持久化

（1）durable只是队列持久化

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello',durable=True)

生产者和消费者都需要添加durable=True

（2）要实现消息持久化，还需要

5、消息（1对多）实现权重功能

消费者端添加在消费消息之前

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

6、广播消息fanout（纯广播）订阅发布

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')
#message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
message = "info: Hello World!2"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                      routing_key='',
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

connection.close()

fanout_producer

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
print("random queuename",queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
                   queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

fanout_consumer

7、direct广播模式(有选择性的发送接收消息)

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key=severity,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()

direct_producer

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)

print(severities)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

direct_consumer

8、更细致的消息判断 type = topic

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                      routing_key=routing_key,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()

topic_producer

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Willpower-chen
# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

topic_consumer