Identity用户管理入门一（框架搭建）
理论知识微软官方文档最完整，最详细，这里只一步步的介绍如何使用，地址：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/aspnet/core/security/authentication/?view=aspnetcore-3.1
一、新建Mvc项目
二、加入EF依赖
浏览输入entityframeworkcore安装以下三项
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools
三、加入Identity依赖
同样方式将Identity依赖包加入
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI
四、创建DbContext
Models目录下创建ApplicationDbContext.cs类，代码如下，注意需要继承自IdentityDbContext
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; namespace Shop.Models
{
public class ApplicationDbContext:IdentityDbContext
{
public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
: base(options)
{
}
}
}
五、修改Startup增加DbContext服务，
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddControllersWithViews();
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default"))); services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();
}
六、增加Migrations并更新数据库，这里是从新建项目增加验证中复制过来的
00000000000000_CreateIdentitySchema.cs
using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations; namespace WebApplication1.Data.Migrations
{
public partial class CreateIdentitySchema : Migration
{
protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
{
migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetRoles",
columns: table => new
{
Id = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
Name = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
NormalizedName = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
ConcurrencyStamp = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetRoles", x => x.Id);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetUsers",
columns: table => new
{
Id = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
UserName = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
NormalizedUserName = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
Email = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
NormalizedEmail = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 256, nullable: true),
EmailConfirmed = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
PasswordHash = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
SecurityStamp = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
ConcurrencyStamp = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
PhoneNumber = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
PhoneNumberConfirmed = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
TwoFactorEnabled = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
LockoutEnd = table.Column<DateTimeOffset>(nullable: true),
LockoutEnabled = table.Column<bool>(nullable: false),
AccessFailedCount = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUsers", x => x.Id);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetRoleClaims",
columns: table => new
{
Id = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn),
RoleId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
ClaimType = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
ClaimValue = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetRoleClaims", x => x.Id);
table.ForeignKey(
name: "FK_AspNetRoleClaims_AspNetRoles_RoleId",
column: x => x.RoleId,
principalTable: "AspNetRoles",
principalColumn: "Id",
onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetUserClaims",
columns: table => new
{
Id = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
.Annotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn),
UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
ClaimType = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
ClaimValue = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserClaims", x => x.Id);
table.ForeignKey(
name: "FK_AspNetUserClaims_AspNetUsers_UserId",
column: x => x.UserId,
principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
principalColumn: "Id",
onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetUserLogins",
columns: table => new
{
LoginProvider = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
ProviderKey = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
ProviderDisplayName = table.Column<string>(nullable: true),
UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserLogins", x => new { x.LoginProvider, x.ProviderKey });
table.ForeignKey(
name: "FK_AspNetUserLogins_AspNetUsers_UserId",
column: x => x.UserId,
principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
principalColumn: "Id",
onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetUserRoles",
columns: table => new
{
UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
RoleId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserRoles", x => new { x.UserId, x.RoleId });
table.ForeignKey(
name: "FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetRoles_RoleId",
column: x => x.RoleId,
principalTable: "AspNetRoles",
principalColumn: "Id",
onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
table.ForeignKey(
name: "FK_AspNetUserRoles_AspNetUsers_UserId",
column: x => x.UserId,
principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
principalColumn: "Id",
onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
name: "AspNetUserTokens",
columns: table => new
{
UserId = table.Column<string>(nullable: false),
LoginProvider = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
Name = table.Column<string>(maxLength: 128, nullable: false),
Value = table.Column<string>(nullable: true)
},
constraints: table =>
{
table.PrimaryKey("PK_AspNetUserTokens", x => new { x.UserId, x.LoginProvider, x.Name });
table.ForeignKey(
name: "FK_AspNetUserTokens_AspNetUsers_UserId",
column: x => x.UserId,
principalTable: "AspNetUsers",
principalColumn: "Id",
onDelete: ReferentialAction.Cascade);
}); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "IX_AspNetRoleClaims_RoleId",
table: "AspNetRoleClaims",
column: "RoleId"); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "RoleNameIndex",
table: "AspNetRoles",
column: "NormalizedName",
unique: true,
filter: "[NormalizedName] IS NOT NULL"); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "IX_AspNetUserClaims_UserId",
table: "AspNetUserClaims",
column: "UserId"); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "IX_AspNetUserLogins_UserId",
table: "AspNetUserLogins",
column: "UserId"); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "IX_AspNetUserRoles_RoleId",
table: "AspNetUserRoles",
column: "RoleId"); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "EmailIndex",
table: "AspNetUsers",
column: "NormalizedEmail"); migrationBuilder.CreateIndex(
name: "UserNameIndex",
table: "AspNetUsers",
column: "NormalizedUserName",
unique: true,
filter: "[NormalizedUserName] IS NOT NULL");
} protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
{
migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetRoleClaims"); migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetUserClaims"); migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetUserLogins"); migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetUserRoles"); migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetUserTokens"); migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetRoles"); migrationBuilder.DropTable(
name: "AspNetUsers");
}
}
}
ApplicationDbContextModelSnapshot.cs
// <auto-generated />
using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.ValueConversion;
using Shop.Models; namespace WebApplication1.Data.Migrations
{
[DbContext(typeof(ApplicationDbContext))]
partial class ApplicationDbContextModelSnapshot : ModelSnapshot
{
protected override void BuildModel(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
#pragma warning disable 612, 618
modelBuilder
.HasAnnotation("ProductVersion", "3.0.0")
.HasAnnotation("Relational:MaxIdentifierLength", 128)
.HasAnnotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("Id")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.Property<string>("ConcurrencyStamp")
.IsConcurrencyToken()
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("Name")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
.HasMaxLength(256); b.Property<string>("NormalizedName")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
.HasMaxLength(256); b.HasKey("Id"); b.HasIndex("NormalizedName")
.IsUnique()
.HasName("RoleNameIndex")
.HasFilter("[NormalizedName] IS NOT NULL"); b.ToTable("AspNetRoles");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRoleClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int")
.HasAnnotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn); b.Property<string>("ClaimType")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("ClaimValue")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("RoleId")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.HasKey("Id"); b.HasIndex("RoleId"); b.ToTable("AspNetRoleClaims");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("Id")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.Property<int>("AccessFailedCount")
.HasColumnType("int"); b.Property<string>("ConcurrencyStamp")
.IsConcurrencyToken()
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("Email")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
.HasMaxLength(256); b.Property<bool>("EmailConfirmed")
.HasColumnType("bit"); b.Property<bool>("LockoutEnabled")
.HasColumnType("bit"); b.Property<DateTimeOffset?>("LockoutEnd")
.HasColumnType("datetimeoffset"); b.Property<string>("NormalizedEmail")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
.HasMaxLength(256); b.Property<string>("NormalizedUserName")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
.HasMaxLength(256); b.Property<string>("PasswordHash")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("PhoneNumber")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<bool>("PhoneNumberConfirmed")
.HasColumnType("bit"); b.Property<string>("SecurityStamp")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<bool>("TwoFactorEnabled")
.HasColumnType("bit"); b.Property<string>("UserName")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(256)")
.HasMaxLength(256); b.HasKey("Id"); b.HasIndex("NormalizedEmail")
.HasName("EmailIndex"); b.HasIndex("NormalizedUserName")
.IsUnique()
.HasName("UserNameIndex")
.HasFilter("[NormalizedUserName] IS NOT NULL"); b.ToTable("AspNetUsers");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<int>("Id")
.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
.HasColumnType("int")
.HasAnnotation("SqlServer:ValueGenerationStrategy", SqlServerValueGenerationStrategy.IdentityColumn); b.Property<string>("ClaimType")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("ClaimValue")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("UserId")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.HasKey("Id"); b.HasIndex("UserId"); b.ToTable("AspNetUserClaims");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserLogin<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("LoginProvider")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
.HasMaxLength(128); b.Property<string>("ProviderKey")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
.HasMaxLength(128); b.Property<string>("ProviderDisplayName")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.Property<string>("UserId")
.IsRequired()
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.HasKey("LoginProvider", "ProviderKey"); b.HasIndex("UserId"); b.ToTable("AspNetUserLogins");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserRole<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.Property<string>("RoleId")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.HasKey("UserId", "RoleId"); b.HasIndex("RoleId"); b.ToTable("AspNetUserRoles");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserToken<string>", b =>
{
b.Property<string>("UserId")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(450)"); b.Property<string>("LoginProvider")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
.HasMaxLength(128); b.Property<string>("Name")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(128)")
.HasMaxLength(128); b.Property<string>("Value")
.HasColumnType("nvarchar(max)"); b.HasKey("UserId", "LoginProvider", "Name"); b.ToTable("AspNetUserTokens");
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRoleClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RoleId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserClaim<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserLogin<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserRole<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityRole", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("RoleId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired(); b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
}); modelBuilder.Entity("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUserToken<string>", b =>
{
b.HasOne("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser", null)
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey("UserId")
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade)
.IsRequired();
});
#pragma warning restore 612, 618
}
}
}
PM> update-database
Build started...
Build succeeded.
Done.
复制到本项目后直接更新数据库，目前项目框架已经搭建好，数据库表如下
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