「转」sqlalchemy 0.9.8 多对多级联删除

转自知乎 http://www.zhihu.com/question/21050551

有 A,B,C,AB,AC五张表

class A(base):
__tablename__ = "a"

id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
b = relationship('B', secondary=AB, cascade="delete, delete-orphan", single_parent=True)
c = relationship('C', secondary=AC, cascade="delete, delete-orphan", single_parent=True)

class B(base):
__tablename__ = "b"

id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
rules = relationship('A', secondary=AB, cascade="delete, delete-orphan", single_parent=True, passive_deletes=True)

class C(base):
__tablename__ = "c"

id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
rules = relationship('A', secondary=AC, cascade="delete, delete-orphan", single_parent=True, passive_deletes=True)

AB = Table(
"AB", Base.metadata,
Column("A_id", Integer, ForeignKey("A.id")),
Column("B_id", Integer, ForeignKey("B.id"))
)

AC = Table(
"AC", Base.metadata,
Column("A_id", Integer, ForeignKey("A.id")),
Column("C_id", Integer, ForeignKey("C.id"))
)

关系是：

A表对B表多对多，关系存放在AB表

A表对C表多对多，关系存放在AC表

操作：

删除A表的数据时，同时删除B,C,AB,AC表与A相关联的数据。

secondary：多对多关联类

cascade：设置级联关系，删除用delete, delete-orphan

single_parent：让级联支持多对多，设置为True

没有此属性会报异常：On X.x, delete-orphan cascade is not supported on a many-to-many or many-to-one relationship when single_parent is not set. Set single_parent=True on the relationship().

passive_deletes: 支持关联(被动)删除，设置为True

没有此属性会报异常：DELETE statement on table 'B' expected to delete 1 row(s); Only 0 were matched.

好了，这样就可以级联删除B,C,AB,AC表与A相关联的数据。

另外一个例子

来自 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5033547/sqlachemy-cascade-delete

class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "parents"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    child = relationship(Child, backref="parent", passive_deletes=True)

class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "children"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    parent_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("parents.id", ondelete='CASCADE'))

http://www.cnblogs.com/coder2012/p/4746941.html

外键以及relationship例子

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(32))

    addresses = relationship("Address", order_by="Address.id", backref="user")

class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    email_address = Column(String(32), nullable=False)
    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))

    #user = relationship("User", backref=backref('addresses', order_by=id))

>>> jack = User(name='jack')
>>> jack.addresses
[]
>>> jack.addresses = [Address(email_address='test@test.com'), Address(email_address='test1@test1.com')]
>>> jack.addresses
[<demo.Address object at 0x7f2536564f90>, <demo.Address object at 0x7f2535dc71d0>]
>>> session.add(jack)
>>> session.commit()

mysql> select * from users;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | jack |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from addresses;
+----+-----------------+---------+
| id | email_address   | user_id |
+----+-----------------+---------+
|  1 | test@test.com   |       1 |
|  2 | test1@test1.com |       1 |
+----+-----------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

>>> session.query(User.name, Address.email_address).filter(User.id==Address.user_id).filter(Address.email_address=='test@test.com').all()
2015-08-19 14:02:02,877 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT users.name AS users_name, addresses.email_address AS addresses_email_address
FROM users, addresses
WHERE users.id = addresses.user_id AND addresses.email_address = %s
2015-08-19 14:02:02,878 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ('test@test.com',)
[('jack', 'test@test.com')]

http://www.cnblogs.com/whuyt/p/4520850.html

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import uuid

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql://demo:demo@127.0.0.1/demo'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
app.config['Debug'] = True

db = SQLAlchemy(app)

# 多对多关系表
teachers_classes = db.Table('teachers_classes',
    db.Column('teacher_uuid', db.String(40), db.ForeignKey('teacher.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE', onupdate='CASCADE')),
    db.Column('class_uuid', db.String(40), db.ForeignKey('class.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE', onupdate='CASCADE')),
)

# 老师对班级多对多，班级对学生一对多
class Teacher(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'teacher'
    uuid = db.Column(db.String(40), primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True)
    classes = db.relationship('Class', secondary=teachers_classes, backref=db.backref('teachers', lazy='dynamic'), lazy='dynamic', \
        cascade='all, delete-orphan', single_parent=True)

class Class(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'class'
    uuid = db.Column(db.String(40), primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True)
    students = db.relationship('Student', backref='class', lazy='dynamic', cascade='all, delete-orphan')

class Student(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'student'
    uuid = db.Column(db.String(40), primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True)
    class_uuid = db.Column(db.String(40), db.ForeignKey('class.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE', onupdate='CASCADE'))

db.drop_all()
db.create_all()

# 建立学生
student_a = [ Student(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'学生'+str(i)) for i in xrange(1, 41)]
student_b = [ Student(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'学生'+str(i)) for i in xrange(41, 81)]
student_c = [ Student(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'学生'+str(i)) for i in xrange(81, 121)]

db.session.add_all(student_a)
db.session.add_all(student_b)
db.session.add_all(student_c)

# 建立班级
class_a = Class(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'班级A', students=student_a)
class_b = Class(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'班级B', students=student_b)
class_c = Class(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'班级C', students=student_c)

db.session.add_all([class_a, class_b, class_c])
db.session.commit()

# 建立老师
teacher_a = Teacher(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'老师A', classes=[class_a, class_b])
db.session.add(teacher_a)
db.session.commit()

teacher_b = Teacher(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'老师B', classes=[class_b, class_c])
db.session.add(teacher_b)
db.session.commit()

teacher_c = Teacher(uuid=str(uuid.uuid1()), name=u'老师C', classes=[class_a, class_b, class_c])
db.session.add(teacher_c)
db.session.commit()

'''
from test import db, Teacher, Class, Student, teachers_classes

1 存在约束关系(sqlalchemy默认有约束的可新增，可更新，但不可删除)
1.1 多对多删除老师
db.session.query(Teacher).filter(Teacher.name==u'老师A').delete() 提示teachers_classes表删除约束

方法
teacher_a = Teacher.query.filter(Teacher.name==u'老师A').first()
classes = Class.query.join(teachers_classes).join(Teacher).filter(Teacher.name==u'老师A').all()

先删除班级关系
for c in classes:
    teacher_a.classes.remove(c)

再删除老师
db.session.delete(teacher_a)

查看
teachers_classes、teacher相关记录已删除

1.2 一对多删除班级
db.session.query(Class).filter(Class.name==u'班级C').delete() 提示teachers_classes表删除约束

方法
class_c = Class.query.filter(Class.name==u'班级C').first()
teachers = Teacher.query.join(teachers_classes).join(Class).filter(Class.name==u'班级C').all()

先删除老师关系
for t in teachers:
    class_c.teachers.remove(t)

再删除班级
db.session.delete(class_c)

查看
teachers_classes、class相关记录已删除，学生81-120记录的class_uuid更新为null

2 级联删除
cascade默认包括save-update、merge, all关键字包括save-update、merge、refresh-expire、expunge、delete

1.1 多对多删除老师
db.session.query(Teacher).filter(Teacher.name==u'老师A').delete()

查看
teachers_classes、teacher相关记录已删除

1.2 一对多删除班级
db.session.query(Class).filter(Class.name==u'班级C').delete()

查看
teachers_classes、class相关记录已删除，关联的学生81-120记录已删除

1.3 删除学生
db.session.query(Student).filter(Student.class_uuid=='dd5763a8-fff8-11e7-98e2-f0def165d278').delete(synchronize_session='fetch')

查看
学生1-40记录已删除，关联的class数据未删除
'''