【译】x86程序员手册02 - 基本的程序模式

Chapter 2 -- Basic Programming Model: 基本的程序模式

Introduces the models of memory organization. Defines the data types. Presents the register set used by applications. Introduces the stack. Explains string operations. Defines the parts of an instruction. Explains addressing calculations. Introduces interrupts and exceptions as they may apply to applications programming.

介绍模式下的内存组织。数据类型的定义。能被程序使用的寄存器组。介绍栈。解释字符操作。定义指令部分。解释地址计算。介绍应用程序可以使用的中断和异常。

This chapter describes the 80386 application programming environment as seen by assembly language programmers when the processor is executing in protected mode. The chapter introduces programmers to those features of the 80386 architecture that directly affect the design and implementation of 80386 applications programs. Other chapters discuss 80386 features that relate to systems programming or to compatibility with other processors of the 8086 family.

这章描述80386的应用程序环境，正象处理器在保护模式下执行时一个汇编程序员看到的那样。本章介绍那些可以直接影响到80386的程序的设计和实现的一些特性。其他章节会讨论与系统应用 相关的80386的特性或者是兼容8086家族处理器。

The basic programming model consists of these aspects:

一个基本的程序模式由以下几个方面构成：

• Memory organization and segmentation 内存组织和分段
• Data types 数据类型
• Registers 寄存器
• Instruction format 指令格式
• Operand selection 操作符
• Interrupts and exceptions 中断和异常

Note that input/output is not included as part of the basic programming model. Systems designers may choose to make I/O instructions available to applications or may choose to reserve these functions for the operating system. For this reason, the I/O features of the 80386 are discussed in Part II.

注意：输入输出不包括在基本的程序模式中。系统设计者选择I/O指令对应用有效或选择保留这些功能给操作系统。基于这个原因，80386的I/O特性在第二部分讨论。

This chapter contains a section for each aspect of the architecture that is normally visible to applications.

本章对于按照那些对程序可见的架构的每个方面进行分解。