Python_14-绘图

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1.1

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.3

 

1.1   简介

matplotlib 是python最著名的绘图库，它提供了一整套和matlab相似的命令API，十分适合交互式地进行制图。而且也可以方便地将它作为绘图控件，嵌入GUI应用程序中。

 

http://matplotlib.org/

http://my.oschina.net/bery/blog/203595

 

需要安装（可以从csdn下载Python2.7版本的几个包）

dateutil

pyparsing

安装问题：

>>>

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "D:/Python279/tdrawf1.py", line 1, in <module>

    from matplotlib.matlab import *

  File "D:\Python279\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 105, in <module>

    import six

ImportError: No module named six

办法：

Copy six.py and six.pyc to \Lib.

 

帮助：

http://labix.org/python-dateutil

 

1.2   应用实例

1.2.1   实例1

import os

import math

import pylab

y_values = []

x_values = []

num = 0.0

#collect both num and the sine of num in a list

while num < math.pi * 4:

    y_values.append(math.sin(num))

    x_values.append(num)

    num += 0.1

 

pylab.plot(x_values,y_values,'r*')

pylab.show()

 

1.2.2   实例

http://blog.csdn.net/xiaowei_cqu/article/details/8272367

 

"""

Thanks to Tony Yu <tsyu80@gmail.com> for the logo design

"""

 

import numpy as np

import matplotlib as mpl

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.cm as cm

 

mpl.rcParams['xtick.labelsize'] = 10

mpl.rcParams['ytick.labelsize'] = 12

mpl.rcParams['axes.edgecolor'] = 'gray'

 

 

axalpha = 0.05

#figcolor = '#EFEFEF'

figcolor = 'white'

dpi = 80

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 1.1),dpi=dpi)

fig.figurePatch.set_edgecolor(figcolor)

fig.figurePatch.set_facecolor(figcolor)

 

 

def add_math_background():

    ax = fig.add_axes([0., 0., 1., 1.])

 

    text = []

    text.append((r"$W^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1 \sigma_2} = U^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} + \frac{1}{8 \pi 2} \int^{\alpha_2}_{\alpha_2} d \alpha^\prime_2 \left[\frac{ U^{2\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} - \alpha^\prime_2U^{1\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2} }{U^{0\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2}}\right]$", (0.7, 0.2), 20))

    text.append((r"$\frac{d\rho}{d t} + \rho \vec{v}\cdot\nabla\vec{v} = -\nabla p + \mu\nabla^2 \vec{v} + \rho \vec{g}$",

                (0.35, 0.9), 20))

    text.append((r"$\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{-x^2}dx=\sqrt{\pi}$",

                (0.15, 0.3), 25))

    #text.append((r"$E = mc^2 = \sqrt{{m_0}^2c^4 + p^2c^2}$",

    #            (0.7, 0.42), 30))

    text.append((r"$F_G = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$",

                (0.85, 0.7), 30))

    for eq, (x, y), size in text:

        ax.text(x, y, eq, ha='center', va='center', color="#11557c", alpha=0.25,

                transform=ax.transAxes, fontsize=size)

    ax.set_axis_off()

    return ax

 

def add_matplotlib_text(ax):

    ax.text(0.95, 0.5, 'matplotlib', color='#11557c', fontsize=65,

               ha='right', va='center', alpha=1.0, transform=ax.transAxes)

 

def add_polar_bar():

    ax = fig.add_axes([0.025, 0.075, 0.2, 0.85], polar=True)

 

 

    ax.axesPatch.set_alpha(axalpha)

    ax.set_axisbelow(True)

    N = 7

    arc = 2. * np.pi

    theta = np.arange(0.0, arc, arc/N)

    radii = 10 * np.array([0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 0.7, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8])

    width = np.pi / 4 * np.array([0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3])

    bars = ax.bar(theta, radii, width=width, bottom=0.0)

    for r, bar in zip(radii, bars):

        bar.set_facecolor(cm.jet(r/10.))

        bar.set_alpha(0.6)

 

    for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():

        label.set_visible(False)

 

    for line in ax.get_ygridlines() + ax.get_xgridlines():

        line.set_lw(0.8)

        line.set_alpha(0.9)

        line.set_ls('-')

        line.set_color('0.5')

 

    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(1, 9, 2))

    ax.set_rmax(9)

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main_axes = add_math_background()

    add_polar_bar()

    add_matplotlib_text(main_axes)

    plt.show()

 

1.3   三维绘图

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mayavi

安装：

Prerequisites

You must have the following libraries installed before installing the Mayavi project:

·         Numpy version 1.1.1 or later

·         VTK version 5.0 or later

·         wxPython version 2.8 or later

·         configobj

 

http://www.vtk.org/VTK/resources/software.html

 

 

1.4   参考资料

 

 

 

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-matplotlib/index.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/petali/archive/2009/07/30/1417410.html

非常好的资料：2.7下运行有错误提示

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-matplotlib/

 

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