Django-内置Admin

Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件，使用方式有：

依赖APP：

        django.contrib.auth

        django.contrib.contenttypes

        django.contrib.messages

        django.contrib.sessions

    模板的context_processors：

        django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth

        django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages

    中间件：

        django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware

        django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware

Django Admin内部依赖

使用Django Admin

    1. admin 是app

    2. admin

        url(r'^$', wrap(self.index), name='index'),

        url(r'^login/$', self.login, name='login'),

        url(r'^logout/$', wrap(self.logout), name='logout'),

        url(r'^password_change/$', wrap(self.password_change, cacheable=True), name='password_change'),

        url(r'^password_change/done/$', wrap(self.password_change_done, cacheable=True),name='password_change_done'),

    3. app01/models.py

            from django.db import models

            class UserInfo(models.Model):

                user = models.CharField(max_length=32)

                email = models.EmailField()

    4. app01/admin.py  #注册用户自己的类 生成URL

            from django.contrib import admin

            from app01 import models

            admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)

            //根据注册的类 admin.site.register(models.UserInfo) 生成URL

                //http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/            - 数据列表

                //http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/add/        - 添加数据

                //http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/1/change/   - 修改数据

                //http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/1/delete/   - 删除数据

定制Admin

在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册，即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能，如：

1	`admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)`

但是，这种方式比较简单，如果想要进行更多的定制操作，需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作，如：

方式一：

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表

方式二：

@admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)

ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能，如

1. list_display，列表时，定制显示的列

models.py

    from django.db import models

    class UserGroup(models.Model):

        title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    class UserInfo(models.Model):

        user = models.CharField(max_length=32)

        email = models.EmailField()

        def __str__(self):

            return self.user

事例一: (显示类的列)

admin.py

    from django.contrib import admin

    from app01 import models

    from django.http import HttpResponse

    class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

        list_display = ('user','email')

        #自定义页面

        # def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):

        #     return HttpResponse("....")

    admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

    admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

事例二: (自定义类的列)

    from django.contrib import admin

    from app01 import models

    from django.http import HttpResponse

    class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

        def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

            return "%s-%s" % (obj.user,obj.email,)

        list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

    admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

事例三: (自定义类的列, a 链接 )

    #导入from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

    from django.contrib import admin

    from app01 import models

    from django.http import HttpResponse

    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

    class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

        def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

            return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

        list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

    admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

2. list_display_links，列表时，定制列可以点击跳转 (默认是第一列)

# 原先 <a> 在user上 现在在email上

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    list_display_links = ('email',)

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

3. list_filter，列表时定制右侧快速筛选

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    list_filter = ('user','email')

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

4. list_select_related，列表时连表查询是否自动select_related

5. 分页相关

# 分页，每页显示条数

list_per_page = 100

# 分页，显示全部（真实数据<该值时，才会有显示全部）

list_max_show_all = 200

# 分页插件

paginator = Paginator

6. list_editable 列表时可以编辑的列

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',)

list_editable = ('ug',)

7. search_fields 列表时模糊搜索的功能

# 根据user筛选

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    search_fields = ('user',)

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

8. date_hierarchy 列表时对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索

# models.py 类里需要有时间列

    from django.db import models

    # Create your models here.

    class UserGroup(models.Model):

        title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    class UserInfo(models.Model):

        user = models.CharField(max_length=32)

        email = models.EmailField()

        date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

        def __str__(self):

            return self.user

# admin.py 

    from django.contrib import admin

    from app01 import models

    from django.http import HttpResponse

    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

    class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

        def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

            return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

        list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

        date_hierarchy = 'date'

    admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

    admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

9. preserve_filters 详细页面删除、修改，更新后跳转回列表后，是否保留原搜索条件

10. save_as = False 详细页面按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”

11. save_as_continue = True 点击保存并继续编辑

save_as_continue = True

# 如果 save_as=True，save_as_continue = True，点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。

# 如果 save_as=True，save_as_continue = False，点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。

New in Django 1.10.

12. save_on_top = False 详细页面，在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮

13. inlines，详细页面，如果有其他表和当前表做FK，那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

class UserInfoInline(admin.TabularInline):  # TabularInline StackedInline

    extra = 0

    model = models.UserInfo

class UserGroupModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ('id', 'title',)

    inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,UserGroupModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.Role,admin.ModelAdmin)

14. action 列表时定制action中的操作

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    # 定制Action行为具体方法

    def func(self, request, queryset):

        print(self, request, queryset)

        print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))

    func.short_description = "操作"

    actions = [func, ]

    # Action选项都是在页面上方显示

    #actions_on_top = True

    # Action选项都是在页面下方显示

    #actions_on_bottom = False

    # 是否显示选择个数

    #actions_selection_counter = True

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

15. 定制HTML模板

add_form_template = None

change_form_template = None

change_list_template = None

delete_confirmation_template = None

delete_selected_confirmation_template = None

object_history_template = None

16. raw_id_fields 详细页面针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    raw_id_fields = ('ug',)

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

17. fields 详细页面时显示字段的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    fields = ('user',)

18. exclude 详细页面时排除的字段　　

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

exclude = ('user',)

19. readonly_fields 详细页面时只读字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

readonly_fields = ('user',)

20. fieldsets 详细页面时使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

fieldsets = (

('基本数据', {

'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)

}),

('其他', {

'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'

'fields': ('user', 'pwd'),

}),

)

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    fieldsets = (

        ('基本数据', {

            'fields': ('user',)

        }),

        ('其他', {

            'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'),  # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'

            'fields': ('email',),

        }),

    )

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

21. 详细页面时 M2M显示时数据移动选择（方向：上下和左右）

# models.py 

    from django.db import models

    class UserGroup(models.Model):

        title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    class Role(models.Model):

        name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

        def __str__(self):

            return self.name

    class UserInfo(models.Model):

        user = models.CharField(max_length=32)

        email = models.EmailField()

        date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

        ug = models.ForeignKey(UserGroup,null=True,blank=True)

        m2m = models.ManyToManyField('Role')

        def __str__(self):

            return self.user

# admin.py

    from django.contrib import admin

    from app01 import models

    from django.http import HttpResponse

    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

    class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

        def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

            return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

        list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

        raw_id_fields = ('ug',)

        filter_vertical = ('m2m',)  # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)

    admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

    admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

    admin.site.register(models.Role,admin.ModelAdmin)

22. ordering 列表时数据排序规则

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

ordering = ('-id',)

或

def get_ordering(self, request):

return ['-id', ]

23. view_on_site 编辑时是否在页面上显示view on set

view_on_site = False

或

def view_on_site(self, obj):

return 'https://www.baidu.com'

24. radio_fields 详细页面时使用radio显示选项（FK默认使用select）

1	`radio_fields` `=` `{"ug": admin.VERTICAL}` `# 或admin.HORIZONTAL`

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL}

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.Role,admin.ModelAdmin)

25. show_full_result_count = True 列表时模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import models

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class UserInfoModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def 自定义(obj):         # obj 每行的一个对象

        return mark_safe("<a href='http://www.baidu.com'>%s</a>" % (obj.user,))

    list_display = ('user','email',自定义)

    search_fields = ('user',)

    show_full_result_count = True

admin.site.register([models.UserInfo],UserInfoModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)

admin.site.register(models.Role,admin.ModelAdmin)

26. formfield_overrides = {} 详细页面时指定现实插件

from django.forms import widgets

from django.utils.html import format_html

class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):

def __init__(self, attrs=None):

# Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box

default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}

if attrs:

default_attrs.update(attrs)

super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)

def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):

if value is None:

value = ''

final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)

return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

formfield_overrides = {

models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea},

}

27. prepopulated_fields = {} 添加页面当在某字段填入值后自动会将值填充到指定字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}

28 自定义form

class UserModelForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:

        model=models.Userinfo

        fields="__all__"

        error_messages={

            "username":{'required':"用户不能为空"}

        }

ModelForm

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    form = UserModelForm

admin.site.register(models.Userinfo,UserAdmin)