Centos7安装Mysql-最方便、最快捷

你想在Linux操作系统安装Mysql?你不想去官网下载再复制？，那就来看看我的方案，简单、快捷轻松安装、使用。

　首先，检查安装情况

1.查看有没有安装过：

yum list installed MySQL* （有存在要卸载yum remove MySQL*）

rpm -qa | grep mysql*

2.查看有没有安装包：

yum list mysql*

　然后，执行安装　

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# yum install mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 for package: 1: mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 will be updated ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 os 8.7 M Updating for dependencies: mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 os 761 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 9.5 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/2): mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 761 kB 00:00 (2/2): mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.7 MB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 16 MB/s | 9.5 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 1/3 Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 2/3 Cleanup : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64 3/3 Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Dependency Updated: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Complete!

　　装完之后，发现不是mysql,而是MariaDB，是mysql的一个分支，我要安装的是mysql不是这个分支，只好删除，先交给大家彻底删除Mysql语法：

[root@localhost usr]# yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51

[root@localhost usr]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

[root@localhost usr]# rm /etc/my.cnf

　　如果装了mysql-devel(其他一样add command)，卸载为：

[root@Tony_ts_tian init.d]# yum remove mysql mysql-devel mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51

Ok,卸载完成，重新安装。

1.首先到官网下载组件，http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/，找到跟系统对应的版本（用uname查看版本，如下图）

`2.使用wget`命令把相应的rpm包下下来，这个包很小只有几k

 [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.ch.rpm

    --2017-04-05 16:32:26--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

    Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.50.25.213

    Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.50.25.213|:443... connected.

    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

    Length: 9224 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]

    Saving to: 'mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm'

    100%[============================================================>] 9,224       --.-K/s   in 0s

    2017-04-05 16:32:28 (75.1 MB/s) - 'mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm' saved [9224/9224]

　　然后安装上这个组件：

    [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

    warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5KEY

    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

    Updating / installing...

       1:mysql57-community-release-el7-9  ################################# [100%]

    [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]cd /etc/yum.repos.d

注：在安装组件过程有些朋友平台可能会出现异常：　 Failed dependencies

在安装包后面加两个参数，如下

[root@magnesium Downloads]# rpm -ivhMySQL-server-5.5.29-2.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

Preparing...             ###########################################[100%]

   1:MySQL-server        ########################################### [100%]

......

安装完成后会发现/etc/yum.repos.d会多了两个mysql的repo文件：

    [root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# ls

    CentOS-Base.repo  mysql-community-source.repo

    CentOS-Epel.repo  mysql-community.repo

3. 安装mysql

$ yum install mysql-server

根据步骤安装就可以了，不过安装完成后，没有密码，需要重置密码。

4. 重置密码

重置密码前，首先要登录

$ mysql -u root

登录时有可能报这样的错：ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)，原因是/var/lib/mysql的访问权限问题。下面的命令把/var/lib/mysql的拥有者改为当前用户：

$ chown -R root:root /var/lib/mysql

然后，重启服务：

$ service mysqld restart

接下来登录重置密码：

$ mysql -u root

mysql > use mysql;

mysql > update user set password=password(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘;

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql > exit;

5. 开放3306端口

（1）执行：/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

或者在修改文件

$ sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

添加以下内容：

-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

（2）保存后重启防火墙：

service iptables save

service iptables restart

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;

flush privileges;

SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;

此时就可以在其他机器客户端上连接该数据库了

mysql -u root -p

show global variables like 'port';

设置表名忽略大小写

在/etc/my.cnf文件中[mysqld]的后面加
lower_case_table_names=1
0,区分大小写; 1,不区分

然后重启数据库即可

查看默认字符集

#mysql -u root - p
#(输入密码)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';

Mysql > show variables like 'collation_%';

利用mysql命令修改字符集：

Mysql > Set character_set_client = utf8;

Mysql > set character_set_connection = utf8;

Mysql > set character_set_database = utf8;

Mysql > set character_set_results = utf8;

Mysql > set character_set_server = utf8;

Mysql > set character_set_system = utf8;