MySQL复合分区

到底还是开源软件，MySQL对复合分区的支持远远没有Oracle丰富。

在MySQL 5.6版本中，只支持RANGE和LIST的子分区，且子分区的类型只能为HASH和KEY。

譬如：

CREATE TABLE ts (id INT, purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITIONS 2 (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
    );

上述创建语句中，最外层是RANGE分区，分为3个区，里面是HASH子分区，分为2个区，这样，该表一共分了3*2=6个分区。

当然，也可以用SUBPARTITION语句来显示定义子分区。

CREATE TABLE ts (id INT, purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) (
            SUBPARTITION s0,
            SUBPARTITION s1
        ),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) (
            SUBPARTITION s2,
            SUBPARTITION s3
        ),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE (
            SUBPARTITION s4,
            SUBPARTITION s5
        )
    );

注意：

1> 如果你在分区中使用了SUBPARTITION语句，则每个分区中都必须定义，且每个分区中子分区的数量必须保持一致。譬如以下两种用法就会报错：

CREATE TABLE ts (id INT, purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) (
            SUBPARTITION s0,
            SUBPARTITION s1
        ),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) (
            SUBPARTITION s2
        ),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE (
            SUBPARTITION s3,
            SUBPARTITION s4
        )
    );

CREATE TABLE ts (id INT, purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) (
            SUBPARTITION s0,
            SUBPARTITION s1
        ),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE (
            SUBPARTITION s2,
            SUBPARTITION s3
        )
    );

2> 在SUBPARTITION语句中，可指定该分区的物理位置。譬如：

CREATE TABLE ts (id INT, purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY RANGE(YEAR(purchased))
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) (
            SUBPARTITION s0a
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/disk0'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/disk1',
            SUBPARTITION s0b
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/disk2'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/disk3'
        ),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) (
            SUBPARTITION s1a
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/disk4/data'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/disk4/idx',
            SUBPARTITION s1b
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/disk5/data'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/disk5/idx'
        ),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE (
            SUBPARTITION s2a,
            SUBPARTITION s2b
        )
    );

以上这个创建语句，将不同的分区分布到不同的物理路径下，无疑会极大的分散IO，这一点还是蛮吸引人的。

可惜，在本机测试过程中，报“ERROR 1030 (HY000): Got error -1 from storage engine”错误，具体原因还不太清楚，怀疑是MySQL的bug。

参考：

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/partitioning-subpartitions.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/tablespace-placing.html