oracle锁等级以及解锁

以下是两遍关于锁的介绍的文章，第一篇介绍锁等级以及常用操作，第二篇主要介绍了oracle中两个用以查询数据库任意对象的两个视图

一：

http://www.cnblogs.com/lguyss/archive/2009/12/17/1626700.html

ORACLE里锁有以下几种模式:
0：none
1：null 空
2：Row-S 行共享(RS)：共享表锁，sub share 
3：Row-X 行独占(RX)：用于行的修改，sub exclusive 
4：Share 共享锁(S)：阻止其他DML操作，share
5：S/Row-X 共享行独占(SRX)：阻止其他事务操作，share/sub exclusive 
6：exclusive 独占(X)：独立访问使用，exclusive

数字越大锁级别越高, 影响的操作越多。

1级锁有：Select，有时会在v$locked_object出现。
2级锁有：Select for update,Lock For Update,Lock Row Share 
select for update当对话使用for update子串打开一个游标时，所有返回集中的数据行都将处于行级(Row-X)独占式锁定，其他对象只能查询这些数据行，不能进行update、delete或select for update操作。
3级锁有：Insert, Update, Delete, Lock Row Exclusive
没有commit之前插入同样的一条记录会没有反应, 因为后一个3的锁会一直等待上一个3的锁, 我们必须释放掉上一个才能继续工作。
4级锁有：Create Index, Lock Share
locked_mode为2,3,4不影响DML(insert,delete,update,select)操作, 但DDL(alter,drop等)操作会提示ora-00054错误。
00054, 00000, "resource busy and acquire with NOWAIT specified"
// *Cause: Resource interested is busy.
// *Action: Retry if necessary.
5级锁有：Lock Share Row Exclusive 
具体来讲有主外键约束时update / delete ... ; 可能会产生4,5的锁。
6级锁有：Alter table, Drop table, Drop Index, Truncate table, Lock Exclusive

以DBA角色, 查看当前数据库里锁的情况可以用如下SQL语句：

col owner for a12
col object_name for a16
select b.owner,b.object_name,l.session_id,l.locked_mode
from v$locked_object l, dba_objects b
where b.object_id=l.object_id
/

select t2.username,t2.sid,t2.serial#,t2.logon_time 
from v$locked_object t1,v$session t2 
where t1.session_id=t2.sid order by t2.logon_time
/

如果有长期出现的一列，可能是没有释放的锁。我们可以用下面SQL语句杀掉长期没有释放非正常的锁：

alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';

如果出现了锁的问题, 某个DML操作可能等待很久没有反应。

当你采用的是直接连接数据库的方式，也不要用OS系统命令 $kill process_num 或者 $kill -9 process_num来终止用户连接，因为一个用户进程可能产生一个以上的锁, 杀OS进程并不能彻底清除锁的问题。

二：

http://blog.itpub.net/519536/viewspace-571440/

1. DBA_OBJECTS / ALL_OBJECTS / USER_OBJECTS（OBJ）视图是非常非常常用的数据视图，可以获得数据库中任意的对象
sys@ora10g> desc dba_objects;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------------
 OWNER                                              VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_NAME                                        VARCHAR2(128)
 SUBOBJECT_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_ID                                          NUMBER
 DATA_OBJECT_ID                                     NUMBER
 OBJECT_TYPE                                        VARCHAR2(19)
 CREATED                                            DATE
 LAST_DDL_TIME                                      DATE
 TIMESTAMP                                          VARCHAR2(19)
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)
 TEMPORARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 GENERATED                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 SECONDARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)

sys@ora10g> select count(*) from dba_objects;

COUNT(*)
----------
     11441

sys@ora10g> select count(*) from obj;

COUNT(*)
----------
      6751

sys@ora10g> select count(*) from user_objects;

COUNT(*)
----------
      6751

sys@ora10g> select count(*) from all_objects;

COUNT(*)
----------
     11376

sys@ora10g> conn sec/sec
Connected.

sec@ora10g> select object_name,object_type from obj;

OBJECT_NAME                    OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------------ -------------------
TEST                           TABLE
STATS_TEST                     TABLE

2.通过查看catalog.sql获得oracle创建DBA_OBJECTS数据字典视图的语句
create or replace view DBA_OBJECTS
    (OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID,
     OBJECT_TYPE, CREATED, LAST_DDL_TIME, TIMESTAMP, STATUS,
     TEMPORARY, GENERATED, SECONDARY)
as
select u.name, o.name, o.subname, o.obj#, o.dataobj#,
       decode(o.type#, 0, 'NEXT OBJECT', 1, 'INDEX', 2, 'TABLE', 3, 'CLUSTER',
                      4, 'VIEW', 5, 'SYNONYM', 6, 'SEQUENCE',
                      7, 'PROCEDURE', 8, 'FUNCTION', 9, 'PACKAGE',
                      11, 'PACKAGE BODY', 12, 'TRIGGER',
                      13, 'TYPE', 14, 'TYPE BODY',
                      19, 'TABLE PARTITION', 20, 'INDEX PARTITION', 21, 'LOB',
                      22, 'LIBRARY', 23, 'DIRECTORY', 24, 'QUEUE',
                      28, 'JAVA SOURCE', 29, 'JAVA CLASS', 30, 'JAVA RESOURCE',
                      32, 'INDEXTYPE', 33, 'OPERATOR',
                      34, 'TABLE SUBPARTITION', 35, 'INDEX SUBPARTITION',
                      40, 'LOB PARTITION', 41, 'LOB SUBPARTITION',
                      42, NVL((SELECT distinct 'REWRITE EQUIVALENCE'
                               FROM sum$ s
                               WHERE s.obj#=o.obj#
                                     and bitand(s.xpflags, 8388608) = 8388608),
                              'MATERIALIZED VIEW'),
                      43, 'DIMENSION',
                      44, 'CONTEXT', 46, 'RULE SET', 47, 'RESOURCE PLAN',
                      48, 'CONSUMER GROUP',
                      51, 'SUBSCRIPTION', 52, 'LOCATION',
                      55, 'XML SCHEMA', 56, 'JAVA DATA',
                      57, 'SECURITY PROFILE', 59, 'RULE',
                      60, 'CAPTURE', 61, 'APPLY',
                      62, 'EVALUATION CONTEXT',
                      66, 'JOB', 67, 'PROGRAM', 68, 'JOB CLASS', 69, 'WINDOW',
                      72, 'WINDOW GROUP', 74, 'SCHEDULE', 79, 'CHAIN',
                      81, 'FILE GROUP',
                     'UNDEFINED'),
       o.ctime, o.mtime,
       to_char(o.stime, 'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS'),
       decode(o.status, 0, 'N/A', 1, 'VALID', 'INVALID'),
       decode(bitand(o.flags, 2), 0, 'N', 2, 'Y', 'N'),
       decode(bitand(o.flags, 4), 0, 'N', 4, 'Y', 'N'),
       decode(bitand(o.flags, 16), 0, 'N', 16, 'Y', 'N')
from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u
where o.owner# = u.user#
  and o.linkname is null
  and (o.type# not in (1  /* INDEX - handled below */,
                      10 /* NON-EXISTENT */)
       or
       (o.type# = 1 and 1 = (select 1
                              from sys.ind$ i
                             where i.obj# = o.obj#
                               and i.type# in (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9))))
  and o.name != '_NEXT_OBJECT'
  and o.name != '_default_auditing_options_'
  and bitand(o.flags, 128) = 0
union all
select u.name, l.name, NULL, to_number(null), to_number(null),
       'DATABASE LINK',
       l.ctime, to_date(null), NULL, 'VALID','N','N', 'N'
from sys.link$ l, sys.user$ u
where l.owner# = u.user#
/

3.oracle官方文档中关于ALL_OBJECTS的描述

ALL_OBJECTS

ALL_OBJECTS describes all objects accessible to the current user.

Related Views

• DBA_OBJECTS describes all objects in the database.

• USER_OBJECTS describes all objects owned by the current user. This view does not display the OWNER column.

Column	Datatype	NULL	Description
OWNER	VARCHAR2(30)	NOT NULL	Owner of the object
OBJECT_NAME	VARCHAR2(30)	NOT NULL	Name of the object
SUBOBJECT_NAME	VARCHAR2(30)		Name of the subobject (for example, partition)
OBJECT_ID	NUMBER	NOT NULL	Dictionary object number of the object
DATA_OBJECT_ID	NUMBER		Dictionary object number of the segment that contains the object
			Note: OBJECT_ID and DATA_OBJECT_ID display data dictionary metadata. Do not confuse these numbers with the unique 16-byte object identifier (object ID) that the Oracle Database assigns to row objects in object tables in the system.
OBJECT_TYPE	VARCHAR2(19)		Type of the object (such as TABLE, INDEX)
CREATED	DATE	NOT NULL	Timestamp for the creation of the object
LAST_DDL_TIME	DATE	NOT NULL	Timestamp for the last modification of the object resulting from a DDL statement (including grants and revokes)
TIMESTAMP	VARCHAR2(20)		Timestamp for the specification of the object (character data)
STATUS	VARCHAR2(7)		Status of the object (VALID, INVALID, or N/A)
TEMPORARY	VARCHAR2(1)		Whether the object is temporary (the current session can see only data that it placed in this object itself)
GENERATED	VARCHAR2(1)		Indicates whether the name of this object was system generated (Y) or not (N)
SECONDARY	VARCHAR2(1)		Whether this is a secondary object created by the ODCIIndexCreate method of the Oracle Data Cartridge (Y | N)

4.小结
数据库中包含数以万计的对象， DBA_OBJECTS / ALL_OBJECTS / USER_OBJECTS（OBJ）这些视图就像是一个小爬犁，通过这些视图可以很快的了解某个SCHEMA包含的内容。