pyton unittest

在说unittest之前，先说几个概念：

TestCase 也就是测试用例

TestSuite 多个测试用例集合在一起，就是TestSuite

TestLoader是用来加载TestCase到TestSuite中的

TestRunner是来执行测试用例的,测试的结果会保存到TestResult实例中，包括运行了多少测试用例，成功了多少，失败了多少等信息

简单的单元测试用例：

 import unittest
 import HTMLTestRunner

 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         """每条用例执行之前运行一次"""
         print("-" * 20)

     def tearDown(self):
         """每条用例执行之后运行一次"""
         print("+" * 20)

     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """所有用例执行之前运行一次"""
         print("" * 10)

     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         """所有用例执行之后运行一次"""
         print("" * 10)

     def test_case_1(self):
         """assertEqual 两个值相等"""
         print("1 == 1")
         self.assertEqual(1,1)

     def test_case_2(self):
         """assertNotEqual 两个值不相等"""
         print("2 != 1")
         self.assertNotEqual(2, 1)

     def test_case_3(self):
         """assertTrue 结果为True"""
         print("2 > 1")
         self.assertTrue(2 > 1)

     def test_case_4(self):
         """assertFalse 结果为False"""
         print("2 < 1")
         self.assertFalse(2 < 1)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # 运行所有的测试用例
     unittest.main()

执行结果：

Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/unittest-01.py in D:\python_file\test_func
6666666666--------------------
1 == 1
++++++++++++++++++++
--------------------
2 != 1
++++++++++++++++++++
--------------------
2 > 1
++++++++++++++++++++
--------------------
2 < 1
++++++++++++++++++++
9999999999

Ran 4 tests in 0.005s

OK

Process finished with exit code 0

下面是一些常用的断言，也就是校验结果：

        assertEqual(a, b)     a == b
        assertNotEqual(a, b)     a != b
        assertTrue(x)     bool(x) is True
        assertFalse(x)     bool(x) is False
        assertIsNone(x)     x is None
        assertIsNotNone(x)     x is not None
        assertIn(a, b)     a in b
        assertNotIn(a, b)     a not in b

skip跳过测试用例：

1、unittest.skip(reason):强制跳过，reason是跳过原因
2、unittest.skipIf(condition, reason)：condition为True时跳过
3、unittest.skipUnless(condition, reason)：condition为False时跳过

 import unittest
 import HTMLTestRunner

 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """所有用例执行之前运行一次"""
         print("" * 10)

     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         """所有用例执行之后运行一次"""
         print("" * 10)

     def test_case_1(self):
         """assertEqual 两个值相等"""
         print("1 == 1")
         self.assertEqual(1,1)

     @unittest.skip(reason = "强制跳过，reason是跳过原因")
     def test_case_2(self):
         """assertNotEqual 两个值不相等"""
         print("2 != 1")
         self.assertNotEqual(2, 1)

     @unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, reason = "结果为True时跳过")
     def test_case_3(self):
         """assertTrue 结果为True"""
         print("2 > 1")
         self.assertTrue(2 > 1)

     @unittest.skipUnless(3 < 2, reason="结果为False时跳过")
     def test_case_4(self):
         """assertFalse 结果为False"""
         print("2 < 1")
         self.assertFalse(2 < 1)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # 运行所有的测试用例
     unittest.main()

执行结果 ：

Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/unittest-01.py in D:\python_file\test_func
66666666661 == 1

Skipped: 强制跳过，reason是跳过原因

Skipped: 结果为True时跳过

Skipped: 结果为False时跳过
9999999999

Ran 4 tests in 0.002s

OK (skipped=3)

Process finished with exit code 0

suite测试套件

 import my_func
 import unittest

 class Test_MyFunc(unittest.TestCase):
     """test my_func"""

     def test_01(self):
         """>>>负数的绝对值"""
         self.assertEqual(1, abs(-1))

     def test_02(self):
         """>>>正数的绝对值"""
         self.assertEqual(1, abs(1))

     def test_03(self):
         """>>>0的绝对值"""
         self.assertEqual(0, abs(0))

 def suite_1():
     """addTest方法添加用例，可以对case进行排序"""
     # 构造一个套件
     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
     # 向套件例添加用例、排序
     tests_myfunc = [Test_MyFunc("test_01"), Test_MyFunc("test_01"), Test_MyFunc("test_01")]
     suite.addTests(tests_myfunc)
     return suite

 def suite_01():
     """addTests + TestLoader方法来添加用例，但是这种方法是无法对case进行排序的"""

     # 第一种方法：传入'模块名.TestCase名'
     # 构造测试套件
     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
     suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromName("s.Test_MyFunc"))
     # 这里还可以把多个'模块名.Test_MyFunc'放到一个列表中
     # suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(['a.Test_a', 'b.Test_b']))
     return suite

 def suite_02():
     """addTests + TestLoader方法来添加用例，但是这种方法是无法对case进行排序的"""
     # 第二种方法：传入TestCase
     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
     suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(Test_MyFunc))
     return suite

 def run(suite):
     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
     runner.run(suite)

 run(suite_1())

执行结果：

test_03 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>0的绝对值 ... ok
test_01 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>负数的绝对值 ... ok
test_02 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>正数的绝对值 ... ok

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s

OK
Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/s.py in D:\python_file\test_func

Ran 3 tests in 0.001s

OK

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

使用套件执行会把case的解释给打印出来。。。

 import unittest
 import HTMLTestRunner

 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_case_1(self):
         """>>>assertEqual 两个值相等"""
         print("1 == 1")
         self.assertEqual(1,1)

     @unittest.skip(reason = "强制跳过，reason是跳过原因")
     def test_case_2(self):
         """>>>assertNotEqual 两个值不相等"""
         print("2 != 1")
         self.assertNotEqual(2, 1)

     @unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, reason = "结果为True时跳过")
     def test_case_3(self):
         """>>>assertTrue 结果为True"""
         print("2 > 1")
         self.assertTrue(2 > 1)

     # @unittest.skipUnless(3 < 2, reason="结果为False时跳过")
     def test_case_4(self):
         """assertFalse 结果为False"""
         print("2 < 1")
         self.assertFalse(2 < 1)

 # if __name__ == "__main__":
 #     # 运行所有的测试用例
 #     unittest.main()

 suite = unittest.TestSuite()
 suite.addTests([TestCase("test_case_1"), TestCase("test_case_2")])
 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)

执行结果：

1 == 1test_case_1 (unittest-01.TestCase)
>>>assertEqual 两个值相等 ... ok
test_case_2 (unittest-01.TestCase)
>>>assertNotEqual 两个值不相等 ... skipped '强制跳过，reason是跳过原因'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s

OK (skipped=1)
1 == 1

测试结果输出到文件：

verbosity控制测试结果的详细程度：0表示简单，1表示一般，2表示详细

测试结果输出到TXT

suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(TestEmail("test_01"))
suite.addTest(TestEmail("test_03"))
with open("result1.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(stream=f, verbosity=2).run(suite)

测试结果输出到HTML

suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTests([TestEmail("test_01"), TestEmail("test_03")])
with open(r"result1.html", "wb") as f:
    HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, verbosity=2, title="测试报告", description="测试报告详情").run(suite)