ansible系列(27)--ansible的include任务复用

1. include任务复用
- 1.1 多个项目调用相同task
- 1.2 Inlcude结合tags应用

1. include任务复用

有时，我们发现大量的 Playbook 内容需要重复编写，各 Tasks 之间功能需相互调用才能完成各自功能， Playbook 庞大到维护困难，这时我们需要使用 include。

include支持在tasks阶段和handles阶段调用，调用多个include时可以使用loop循环的方式，还可以向include的playbook中传递变量。

比如：A项目需要用到重启 httpd ，B项目需要用到重启 httpd ，那么我们可以使用 Include 来减少重复编写。

1.1 多个项目调用相同task

编写 restart_httpd.yml 文件：

#注意这是一个tasks所有没有play的任何信息

[root@ansible project1]# cat restart_httpd.yml

- name: Restart Httpd Server

  service:

    name: httpd

    state: restarted

A Project 的 playbook 如下：

[root@ansible project1]# cat a_project.yml

- hosts: webserver

  tasks:

    - name: A Project command

      command: echo "A" 

    - name: Restart httpd

      include: restart_httpd.yml

B Project 的 playbook 如下：

[root@ansible project1]# cat b_project.yml

- hosts: webserver

  tasks:

    - name: B Project command

      command: echo "B" 

    - name: Restart httpd

      include: restart_httpd.yml

playbook运行如下：

[root@ansible project1]# ansible-playbook a_project.yml

[root@ansible project1]# ansible-playbook b_project.yml

1.2 Inlcude结合tags应用

”include”不仅能够引用任务列表，还能够引用playbook，比如，在一个playbook中引用另一个playbook。

示例：通过指定标签 tags ，来说明是安装 tomcat8 还是 tomcat9

1.准备入口 main.yml 文件，然后包含 install_tomcat8.yml 以及install_tomcat9.yml

2.在执行 main.yml 时，需要通过 --tags 指明要安装的版本

3.还可以在主playbook文件中向引用的playbook传递变量。

编写main.yml入口文件：

#注意：引用playbook时建议使用import_playbook参数：官方提示：[DEPRECATION WARNING]: 'include' for playbook includes. You should use 'import_playbook' instead. This feature will be removed in version 2.12. 

[root@xuzhichao playbook]# cat tomcat_main.yml

- name: Install Tomcat8

  import_playbook: install_tomcat8.yml

  tags: tomcat8

  vars:

    tomcat_version: 8.5.69

    tomcat_install_path: /usr/local

- name: Install Tomcat9

  import_playbook: install_tomcat9.yml

  tags: tomcat9

  vars:

    tomcat_version: 9.0.50

    tomcat_install_path: /usr/local

编写install_tomcat8.yml文件：

[root@xuzhichao playbook]# cat install_tomcat8.yml

---

- hosts: localhost

  tasks:

    - name: Install JDK

      yum:

        name: java-1.8.0-openjdk

        state: present

    - name: Download Tomacat

      get_url:

        url: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v{{ tomcat_version }}/bin/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz

        dest: /root

    - name: Unarchive Tomcat

      unarchive:

        src: /root/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz

        dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"

    - name: Create Link File

      file:

        src: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}"

        dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/tomcat8"

        state: link

    - name: Start Tomcat

      shell: cd "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"/tomcat8/bin && nohup ./startup.sh &

编写install_tomcat9.yml文件：

[root@xuzhichao playbook]# cat install_tomcat9.yml

---

- hosts: localhost

  tasks:

    - name: Install JDK

      yum:

        name: java-1.8.0-openjdk

        state: present

    - name: Download Tomacat

      get_url:

        url: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v{{ tomcat_version }}/bin/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz

        dest: /root

    - name: Unarchive Tomcat

      unarchive:

        src: /root/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz

        dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"

    - name: Create Link File

      file:

        src: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}"

        dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/tomcat9"

        state: link

    - name: Start Tomcat

      shell: cd "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"/tomcat9/bin && nohup ./startup.sh &

运行playbook文件：

#安装tomcat9

[root@xuzhichao playbook]# ansible-playbook -t tomcat9 tomcat_main.yml

#安装tomcat8

[root@xuzhichao playbook]# ansible-playbook -t tomcat8 tomcat_main.yml