单链表的模板类(C++)

/*header.h*/

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
struct LinkNode						//节点类定义
{
	T data;						//数据域
	LinkNode<T> *next;				//链指针域
	LinkNode(LinkNode<T> *ptr = NULL){this->next = ptr;}	//初始化指针域的构造函数
	LinkNode(const T& item, LinkNode<T> *ptr = NULL)//初始化数据成员和指针成员和指针的构造函数
	{
		this->data = item;
		this->next = ptr;
	}
};

template<class T>
class List		//用头结点的数据域表示链表元素数量
{
protected:
	LinkNode<T> *first;
public:
	List(){first = new LinkNode<T>;first->data = 0;}//无参数构造
	List(const T& x)
	{
		this->first = new LinkNode<T>;
		//first->data = 1;
		this->inputHead(x);
	}//含有参数的构造函数
	List(List<T>& L);//拷贝构造
	~List(){makeEmpty();}//析构函数
	void makeEmpty();//将链表置空的函数
	int Length()const{return this->first->data;}//计算链表长度的函数
	LinkNode<T>* getHead()const{return this->first;}//返回附加头结点地址
	LinkNode<T>* getRear()const;//返回尾部指针
	void inputHead(T head);//头插
	void inputRear(T rear);//尾插
	void output();//将链表打印出来
	bool IsEmpty()const{return !this->first->data;}
	void Sort();//排序
	bool Insert(int i, T& x);//在第i个位置插入x
	bool Remove(int i, T& x);//删除第i个元素，将第i个元素的data赋值给x
	T *getData(int i);//返回第i个元素的data地址
	void setData(int i, T& x);//将第i个元素的data值更改为x
	LinkNode<T> *Search(T x);//查找链表中第一个含有data为x的元素，返回x节点指针
	LinkNode<T> *Locate(int i);//返回第i个元素的指针
	List<T>& operator=(List<T>& L);//符号重载，赋值

};
template<class T>
List<T>& List<T>::operator=(List<T>& L)
{
	if(!L.IsEmpty())
	{
		LinkNode<T> *srcptr = L.first, *desptr = this->first;
		while(srcptr->next != NULL)
		{
			desptr->data = srcptr->data;
			desptr->next = new LinkNode<T>;
			srcptr = srcptr->next;
			desptr = desptr->next;
		}
		desptr->data = srcptr->data;
	}
　　　　return *this;
}
template<class T>
LinkNode<T>* List<T>::Locate(int i)//找第i个元素，找到返回地址，找不到返回头结点地址
{
	if(i>0 && i<this->first->data)
	{
		int j = 0;
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = this->first;
		while(j!=i)
		{
			tmp = tmp->next;
			++j;
		}
		return tmp;
	}
	return this->first;
}
template<class T>
LinkNode<T>* List<T>::Search(T x)
{
	if(!this->IsEmpty())
	{
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = this->first->next;
		while(tmp->data!=x && tmp->next!=NULL)
		{
			tmp = tmp->next;
		}
		if(tmp->data==x)
			return tmp;
	}
	return this->first;
}
template<class T>
void List<T>::setData(int i, T& x)
{
	if(i>0 && i<=this->first->data)
	{
		int j = 0;
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = this->first;
		while(j!=i)
		{
			tmp = tmp->next;
			++j;
		}
		tmp->data = x;
	}
}
template<class T>
T* List<T>::getData(int i)
{
	if(i>0 && i<=this->first->data)
	{
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = this->first;
		int j = 0;
		while(j!=i)
		{
			tmp = tmp->next;
			++j;
		}
		return &tmp->data;
	}
}
template<class T>
bool List<T>::Remove(int i, T& x)
{
	if(i>0 && i<=this->first->data)
	{
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = this->first, *p;
		if(i!=1)
		{
			int j = 0;
			while(j!=i-1)
			{
				tmp = tmp->next;
				++j;
			}
			p = tmp->next;
			tmp->next = p->next;
			x = p->data;
			delete p;
		}
		else
		{
			p = tmp->next;
			x = p->data;
			tmp->next = p->next;
			delete p;
		}
		--this->first->data;
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template<class T>
bool List<T>::Insert(int i, T& x)
{
	if(i>0 && i<this->first->data+2)
	{
		if(i == this->first->data+1)
		{
			this->inputRear(x);
			return true;
		}
		else if(i == 1)
		{
			this->inputHead(x);
			return true;
		}
		int j = i-1;
		LinkNode<T> *tmp = new LinkNode<T>, *p = this->first;
		tmp->data = x;
		while(j)
		{
			p = p->next;
			--j;
		}
		tmp->next = p->next;
		p->next = tmp;
		++this->first->data;
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;

}
template<class T>
void List<T>::Sort()//排序有两类方法，一种是改变指针指向的，一种是仅为元素data排序，而不改变指针指向
{
	if(this->first->data > 1)
	{
		int i = this->first->data, j;
		LinkNode<T> *p = this->first, *q;
		while(i)
		{
			p = p->next;
			q = p->next;
			j = i - 1;
			while(j)
			{
				if(p->data > q->data)
				{
					p->data = p->data + q->data;
					q->data = p->data - q->data;
					p->data = p->data - q->data;
					q = q->next;
				}
				--j;
			}
			--i;
		}
	}
}
template<class T>
void List<T>::inputHead(T head)
{
	LinkNode<T> *tmp = new LinkNode<T>;
	if(tmp == NULL)
	{
		cerr<<"内存分配错误！\n"<<endl;
		exit(-1);
	}

	if(this->first->next != NULL)
	{
		tmp->next = this->first->next;
		this->first->next = tmp;
	}
	else
	{
		this->first->next = tmp;
		tmp->next = NULL;
	}
	tmp->data = head;
	++this->first->data;

}
template<class T>
void List<T>::inputRear(T rear)
{
	LinkNode<T> *tmp = new LinkNode<T>;
	if(tmp == NULL)
	{
		cerr<<"内存分配错误！\n"<<endl;
		exit(-1);
	}

	LinkNode<T> *p = this->getRear();
	p->next = tmp;
	tmp->data = rear;
	++this->first->data;

}
template<class T>
void List<T>::output()
{
	LinkNode<T> *p = this->first->next;
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		cout<<p->data<<"—>";
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout<<"over"<<endl;
}
template<class T>
List<T>::List(List<T>& L)
{
	T value;
	LinkNode<T> *srcptr = L.getHead();
	LinkNode<T> *desptr = this->first = new LinkNode<T>;
	this->first->data = srcptr->data;
	while(srcptr->next != NULL)
	{
		value = srcptr->next->data;
		desptr->next = new LinkNode<T>(value);
		desptr = desptr->next;
		srcptr = srcptr->next;
	}
	desptr->next = NULL;
}
template<class T>
void List<T>::makeEmpty()
{
	LinkNode<T> *p, *q = this->first->next;
	this->first->data = 0;
	while(q != NULL)
	{
		p = q;
		q = q->next;
		delete p;
	}
}
template<class T>
LinkNode<T>* List<T>::getRear()const
{
	LinkNode<T> *p = this->first;
	while(p->next!=NULL)
		p = p->next;
	return p;

}
/*
template<class T>
int List<T>::Length()const
{
	LinkNode<T> *p = this->first->next;
	int count = 0;
	while(p != NULL)
	{
		++count;
		p = p->next;
	}

};*/

一个含有头结点的单链表，链表头节点的数据与保存链表长度。

顺序表适合随机读，链表适合随机写，随机删除。

/*main.cpp*/

#include"header.h"
int main()
{
	const int o = 10;
	List<int> L(0),M;
	for(int i=100; i<=110; ++i)
		L.inputHead(i);

	//for(int i=0; i<=10; ++i)
	//	L.inputRear(i);
	L.output();
	int i = 2111;
	L.Insert(1, i);
	L.output();
	L.Sort();
	L.output();
	L.Remove(1, i);
	cout<<i<<endl;
	L.output();
	cout<<*L.getData(1)<<endl;i = 1;
	L.setData(12, i);
	L.output();
	cout<<L.Search(100)<<endl;
	M = L;
	M.output();
	return 0;
}

　运行结果如下