在Linux上利用curl 命令模拟 HTTP GET/POST 请求
本文系转载，原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/alfred0311/p/7988648.html
序言
在 Linux 操作系统上对后端程序进行测试的时候，需要进行模拟连接或者书写测试脚本时，就需要用到这个实用的curl 命令了。
模拟GET请求
访问百度，通过GET方法请求
命令格式： curl protocol://address:port/url
curl http://www.baidu.com
curl www.baidu.com
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
模拟POST请求
1、参数直接在header里面
获取天气数据，通过POST方法请求
命令格式：curl -d "args" "protocol://address:port/url"
curl -d "city=dongguan&appkey=8010132dcf54491a4eaa387f4db61774" "https://way.jd.com/he/freeweather"
curl -d "city=dongguan&appkey=8010132dcf54491a4eaa387f4db61774" "https://way.jd.com/he/freeweather"
{"code":"","charge":false,"msg":"查询成功","result":{"HeWeather5":[{"now":{"hum":"","vis":"","pres":"","pcpn":"","fl":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"3-4","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东风"}},"suggestion":{"uv":{"txt":"紫外线强度较弱，建议出门前涂擦SPF在12-15之间、PA+的防晒护肤品。","brf":"弱"},"cw":{"txt":"较适宜洗车，未来一天无雨，风力较小，擦洗一新的汽车至少能保持一天。","brf":"较适宜"},"trav":{"txt":"天气较好，但丝毫不会影响您出行的心情。温度适宜又有微风相伴，适宜旅游。","brf":"适宜"},"air":{"txt":"气象条件对空气污染物稀释、扩散和清除无明显影响，易感人群应适当减少室外活动时间。","brf":"中"},"comf":{"txt":"白天不太热也不太冷，风力不大，相信您在这样的天气条件下，应会感到比较清爽和舒适。","brf":"舒适"},"drsg":{"txt":"建议着薄外套、开衫牛仔衫裤等服装。年老体弱者应适当添加衣物，宜着夹克衫、薄毛衣等。","brf":"较舒适"},"sport":{"txt":"天气较好，赶快投身大自然参与户外运动，尽情感受运动的快乐吧。","brf":"适宜"},"flu":{"txt":"各项气象条件适宜，无明显降温过程，发生感冒机率较低。","brf":"少发"}},"aqi":{"city":{"no2":"","o3":"","pm25":"","qlty":"良","so2":"","aqi":"","pm10":"","co":""}},"basic":{"city":"东莞","update":{"loc":"2017-12-05 17:52","utc":"2017-12-05 09:52"},"lon":"113.7462616","id":"CN101281601","cnty":"中国","lat":"23.04623795"},"daily_forecast":[{"date":"2017-12-05","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:41","mr":"19:32","ms":"08:13","sr":"06:52"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"多云","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"晴间多云"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"无持续风向"}},{"date":"2017-12-06","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:41","mr":"20:36","ms":"09:16","sr":"06:52"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"多云","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"多云"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"无持续风向"}},{"date":"2017-12-07","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:41","mr":"21:40","ms":"10:14","sr":"06:53"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"多云","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"晴"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"无持续风向"}},{"date":"2017-12-08","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:42","mr":"22:42","ms":"11:06","sr":"06:54"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"晴","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"晴"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-09","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:42","mr":"23:42","ms":"11:53","sr":"06:54"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"晴","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"晴"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"无持续风向"}},{"date":"2017-12-10","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:42","mr":"09:47","ms":"12:36","sr":"06:55"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"晴","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"晴"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"无持续风向"}},{"date":"2017-12-11","pop":"","hum":"","uv":"","vis":"","astro":{"ss":"17:42","mr":"00:38","ms":"13:16","sr":"06:56"},"pres":"","pcpn":"0.0","tmp":{"min":"","max":""},"cond":{"txt_n":"多云","code_n":"","code_d":"","txt_d":"晴"},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"无持续风向"}}],"hourly_forecast":[{"date":"2017-12-05 19:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-05 22:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-06 01:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-06 04:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-06 07:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-06 10:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-06 13:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东北风"}},{"date":"2017-12-06 16:00","pop":"","hum":"","pres":"","tmp":"","cond":{"txt":"晴间多云","code":""},"wind":{"sc":"微风","spd":"","deg":"","dir":"东风"}}],"status":"ok"}]}}
这种方法是参数直接在header里面的
2、json数据直接在body里面，可以通过重定向将输出指定到特定文件
如果将输出指定到文件可以通过重定向进行操作
命令格式：curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X POST --data (json.data) URL
curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X POST --data '{"message": "sunshine"}' http://localhost:8000/
这种方法是json数据直接在body里面的
更多 curl 用法或参数可使用 man 命令查看，亦可访问 https://curl.haxx.se/
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