parted命令

fdisk命令是针对MBR分区进行操作，MBR分区因为自身设计原因，不能处理大于2TB的硬盘，并且只能有4个分区。

针对大于2TB的硬盘，需要采用GPT分区，使用parted命令进行操作

parted命令使用

print  [free|all | NUMBER]	查看分区状态信息
mkpart PART-TYPE START END	创建新分区， PART-TYPE: primary  extended   logical START, END  开始，结束为止
set NUMBER  FLAG  STATE	对编号为NUMBER的进行标记。 FLAG: boot  引导， hidden 隐藏， raid  软raid， lvm  逻辑卷， STATE:  on| off
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE	对NUMBER指定文件系统。FS-Type有：ext2、fat16、fat32、linuxswap、NTFS、reiserfs、ufs 等
cp  [FROM-DEV] FROM-NUMBER  TO-NUMBER	将分区 FROM-NUMBER 上的文件系统完整地复制到分区TO-NUMBER 中，作为可选项还可以指定一个来源硬盘的设备名称FROM-DEVICE，若省略则在当前设备上进行复制。
move NUMBER START END	将指定编号 NUMBER 的分区移动到从 START 开始 END 结束的位置上。注意：（1）只能将分区移动到空闲空间中。（2）虽然分区被移动了，但它的分区编号是不会改变的
resize NUMBER START END	对指定编号 NUMBER 的分区调整大小。分区的开始位置和结束位置由 START 和 END 决定
check NUMBER	检查指定编号 NUMBER 分区中的文件系统是否有什么错误
rescue START END	rescue START END
mklabel,mktable LABELTYPE	创建一个新的 LABEL-TYPE 类型的空磁盘分区表，对于PC而言 msdos 是常用的 LABELTYPE。 若是用 GUID 分区表，LABEL-TYPE 应该为 gpt

实例：

1. 对/dev/sdb分区进行操作
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

2. 制定磁盘格式为gpt
(parted) mklabel
New disk label type? gpt        

3. 查看磁盘分区信息
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

4. 制作分区
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? d1
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4
Start?
End? 512M
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.  #注意这个警告。采用这种方式分区只是测试，后边又把相关分区删除了。
Ignore/Cancel? i     

5. 查看新增分区后的状态
(parted) prin
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  Flags
       .4kB  512MB  512MB               d1

6. 删除分区1（Number号）
(parted) rm 

7. 新增分区 primary 分区，起始2048sector ，结束磁盘大小的50%
(parted) mkpart primary 2048s 50%
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     Flags
       1049kB  537MB  536MB               primary

8. 新增另一个分区，primary分区，起始磁盘的50%，结束100%大小。
(parted) mkpart primary 50% 100%         
 
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags
       1049kB  537MB   536MB               primary
       537MB   1073MB  536MB               primary

9. 退出parted
(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

10. fdisk查看磁盘状态。能够发现新增磁盘分区状态。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB,  bytes,  sectors
Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c0b7f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                        Linux
/dev/sda2                    8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 18.8 GB,  bytes,  sectors
Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap:  MB,  bytes,  sectors
Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt

#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048      1048575    511M  Microsoft basic primary
 2      1048576      2095103    511M  Microsoft basic primary

11. 新增完成后，建议重新格式化分区。
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    , , , , , , , 

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    , , , , , , , 

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

12. 修改/etc/fstab实现自动挂载

建议使用UUID进行挂在
blkid /dev/sdb1  (或者blkid)
/dev/sdb1: UUID="bc95b330-5eb9-4b68-9f9f-71c52247a1b4" TYPE="ext4" 

修改/etc/fstab
UUID=bc95b330-5eb9-4b68-9f9f-71c52247a1b4 /opt                   ext4    defaults        0 0