Java SpringMVC学习--基础配置

快速开始一个基于SpringMVC框架的web项目

开发工具 Eclipse neon.2

运行环境 tomcat8.5

1.在Eclipse中新建一个web项目：File-New-Dynamic Web Project

输入项目名称，Target runtime这里选择已经配置好的tomcatv8.5，Dynamic web module version 选择2.5来自定义web.xml。 Finish

2.新建好项目后，将spring相关jar包直接复制到WebContent-Web-INF-lib目录下.

官网链接：http://repo.springsource.org/libs-release-local/org/springframework/spring/ 选择相应版本即可。

除了从spring官方网站上下载的jar包外，还需要额外添加standard.jar;jstl.jar;commons-logging.jar这三个包.

3.在WebContent-Web-web.xml中配置前端控制器. web.xml代码如下

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
   <display-name>Springtest</display-name>
   <welcome-file-list>
     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
   </welcome-file-list>
   <!--配置dispatcherservlet-->
 <servlet>
         <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
         <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
         <init-param>
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
             <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
         </init-param>
     </servlet>
     <servlet-mapping>
         <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
         <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
     </servlet-mapping>
 <!--配置字符过滤器-->
     <filter>
         <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
         <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
         <init-param>
             <param-name>encoding</param-name>
             <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
         </init-param>
     </filter>
     <filter-mapping>
         <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
         <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
     </filter-mapping>
 </web-app>

4.在src包下，新建xml文件，命名为spring-mvc.xml。代码如下，其中base-package为自己项目的包名

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">

     <!-- 使用注解的包，包括子集 -->
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.amazon"/>
     <!-- 视图解析器 -->
     <bean id="viewResolver"
         class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
     </bean>

 </beans>

5.在项目包内新建class，命名为testcontroller.java. 请求路径为/test/hello，跳转到hello.jsp，并向ModelAndView中添加了一个string对象

 package com.amazon.springtest.controller;

 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

 @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/test")
 public class TestController {
     @RequestMapping("/hello")
     public ModelAndView test() {
         String displayString = "helloworld!";
         ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
         modelAndView.addObject("teststring", displayString);
         modelAndView.setViewName("hello");
         return modelAndView;
     }

 }

6.在Web-content下的index.jsp 添加一个链接，会根据请求路径，找到Controller中的test()方法。

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <title>Insert title here</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <a href="test/hello.do">spring mvc</a>
 </body>
 </html>

在WEB-INF/jsp目录下的hello.jsp, 采用EL表达式输出在controller中添加的 teststring.

 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <title>Insert title here</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 ${teststring}
 </body>
 </html>

7.运行项目，点击spring mvc，返回hello world