<math.h>与<float.h>

(一) <math.h>

<math.h>文件中已经定义了M_PI，如下所示，用户可以直接使用；

//math.h
........................

#if defined(_USE_MATH_DEFINES) && !defined(_MATH_DEFINES_DEFINED)
#define _MATH_DEFINES_DEFINED

/* Define _USE_MATH_DEFINES before including math.h to expose these macro
 * definitions for common math constants.  These are placed under an #ifdef
 * since these commonly-defined names are not part of the C/C++ standards.
 */

/* Definitions of useful mathematical constants
 * M_E        - e
 * M_LOG2E    - log2(e)
 * M_LOG10E   - log10(e)
 * M_LN2      - ln(2)
 * M_LN10     - ln(10)
 * M_PI       - pi
 * M_PI_2     - pi/2
 * M_PI_4     - pi/4
 * M_1_PI     - 1/pi
 * M_2_PI     - 2/pi
 * M_2_SQRTPI - 2/sqrt(pi)
 * M_SQRT2    - sqrt(2)
 * M_SQRT1_2  - 1/sqrt(2)
 */

#define M_E        2.71828182845904523536
#define M_LOG2E    1.44269504088896340736
#define M_LOG10E   0.434294481903251827651
#define M_LN2      0.693147180559945309417
#define M_LN10     2.30258509299404568402
#define M_PI       3.14159265358979323846
#define M_PI_2     1.57079632679489661923
#define M_PI_4     0.785398163397448309616
#define M_1_PI     0.318309886183790671538
#define M_2_PI     0.636619772367581343076
#define M_2_SQRTPI 1.12837916709551257390
#define M_SQRT2    1.41421356237309504880
#define M_SQRT1_2  0.707106781186547524401

#endif  /* _USE_MATH_DEFINES */

但必须在使用的文件中，

#include<math.h>之前，加入#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES，如下所示：

 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //>>>
 //使用math.h中定义M_PI的定义
 #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
 #include <math.h>
 const double Rad2Deg = (180.0/M_PI);
 //<<<
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

（二）<float.h>

由于浮点数存在的精度误差，造成浮点数与0比较的问题，一般定义其误差值来解决。float.h中已经定义了float,double两种浮点数的误差值，用户可以直接使用。

//float.h

.....................

#define DBL_DIG         15                      /* # of decimal digits of precision */
#define DBL_EPSILON     2.2204460492503131e-016 /* smallest such that 1.0+DBL_EPSILON != 1.0 */
#define DBL_MANT_DIG    53                      /* # of bits in mantissa */
#define DBL_MAX         1.7976931348623158e+308 /* max value */
#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP  308                     /* max decimal exponent */
#define DBL_MAX_EXP     1024                    /* max binary exponent */
#define DBL_MIN         2.2250738585072014e-308 /* min positive value */
#define DBL_MIN_10_EXP  (-307)                  /* min decimal exponent */
#define DBL_MIN_EXP     (-1021)                 /* min binary exponent */
#define _DBL_RADIX      2                       /* exponent radix */
#define _DBL_ROUNDS     1                       /* addition rounding: near */

#define FLT_DIG         6                       /* # of decimal digits of precision */
#define FLT_EPSILON     1.192092896e-07F        /* smallest such that 1.0+FLT_EPSILON != 1.0 */
#define FLT_GUARD       0
#define FLT_MANT_DIG    24                      /* # of bits in mantissa */
#define FLT_MAX         3.402823466e+38F        /* max value */
#define FLT_MAX_10_EXP  38                      /* max decimal exponent */
#define FLT_MAX_EXP     128                     /* max binary exponent */
#define FLT_MIN         1.175494351e-38F        /* min positive value */
#define FLT_MIN_10_EXP  (-37)                   /* min decimal exponent */
#define FLT_MIN_EXP     (-125)                  /* min binary exponent */
#define FLT_NORMALIZE   0
#define FLT_RADIX       2                       /* exponent radix */
#define FLT_ROUNDS      1                       /* addition rounding: near */

应用举例：

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//>>>
#include <float.h>
#define  FLOAT_EQ(a,b)  (fabs(a-b)<=FLT_EPSILON)
#define  DOUBLE_EQ(a,b)  (fabs(a-b)<=DBL_EPSILON)
//<<<
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

float x,y;

x=0.0;

y=0.0000001;

if(fabs(a)<FLT_EPSILON)  //判断单精度类型变量x是否为零
......

if(fabls(a-b)<FLT_EPSILON) //判断单精度变量x,y是否相等
......

注意：对以上数学计算的宏定义，不要重复定义。